Question

1. consider the effect on a cell if the sister chromatids did not line up correctly during metaphase. for example, if some lined up side by side instead of single file along the middle. how might this affect the resulting cells? 20. the illustration below shows various stages of mitosis in a fast - growing onion root tip. identify the cells (by number) which are in the following stages of mitosis: interphase: prophase: metaphase: anaphase: telophase:

Explanation:

Step1: Recall mitosis stages characteristics

Interphase is the stage where cell grows, replicates DNA and prepares for division. Prophase is when chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nuclear - envelope breaks down. Metaphase is when chromosomes line up at the cell's equator. Anaphase is when sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles. Telophase is when nuclear - envelopes reform around the two sets of chromosomes.

Step2: Analyze each cell in the diagram

Cell 1: Chromosomes are lined up at the equator, so it is in Metaphase.
Cell 2: Chromatin is in a less - condensed state, likely Interphase.
Cell 3: Chromosomes are separating and moving to opposite poles, Anaphase.
Cell 4: Nuclear - envelope is reforming around the chromosomes at the poles, Telophase.
Cell 5: Chromatin is in a less - condensed state, likely Interphase.
Cell 6: Chromosomes are starting to condense and nuclear - envelope is breaking down, Prophase.
Cell 7: Chromosomes are separating and moving to opposite poles, Anaphase.
Cell 8: Chromatin is in a less - condensed state, likely Interphase.
Cell 9: Chromosomes are lined up at the equator, Metaphase.
Cell 10: Chromatin is in a less - condensed state, likely Interphase.
Cell 11: Chromosomes are separating and moving to opposite poles, Anaphase.
Cell 12: Chromatin is in a less - condensed state, likely Interphase.
Cell 13: Chromosomes are lined up at the equator, Metaphase.
Cell 14: Chromatin is in a less - condensed state, likely Interphase.
Cell 15: Chromosomes are starting to condense and nuclear - envelope is breaking down, Prophase.
Cell 16: Chromosomes are separating and moving to opposite poles, Anaphase.
Cell 17: Chromatin is in a less - condensed state, likely Interphase.
Cell 18: Chromosomes are lined up at the equator, Metaphase.
Cell 19: Chromatin is in a less - condensed state, likely Interphase.
Cell 20: Chromosomes are separating and moving to opposite poles, Anaphase.
Cell 21: Chromatin is in a less - condensed state, likely Interphase.
Cell 22: Chromosomes are starting to condense and nuclear - envelope is breaking down, Prophase.
Cell 23: Chromatin is in a less - condensed state, likely Interphase.

Step3: Answer question 19

If sister chromatids do not line up correctly during metaphase and line up side by side instead of single file, the resulting cells may have an unequal number of chromosomes. This can lead to genetic disorders in the daughter cells as each daughter cell should receive an equal and complete set of chromosomes.

Answer:

Interphase: 2, 5, 8, 10, 12, 14, 17, 19, 21, 23
Prophase: 6, 15, 22
Metaphase: 1, 9, 13, 18
Anaphase: 3, 7, 11, 16, 20
Telophase: 4

For question 19: The resulting cells may have an unequal number of chromosomes, leading to genetic disorders.