Question

1. in the 1950s, lawyers for the national association for the advancement of colored people (naacp) brought a series of class - action lawsuits on behalf of black families seeking orders to require segregated schools to allow black children to attend. according to the visual, this process represents which of the following models of democracy? (a) direct (b) participatory (c) pluralist (d) elite 8. according to the visual, which of the following best illustrates the participatory model of democracy? (a) when congress was reconsidering the ban on importing medication, the ceos of large pharmaceutical companies donated money indirectly to candidates that aligned with their position. (b) in 2012, ohio voters turned down a ballot initiative that would have created a 12 - person commission rather than using the state legislature to redraw congressional districts every 10 years. (c) in the 1980s, organizations like mothers against drunk driving (madd) lobbied president reagan to support a law to create a 21 - year - old minimum drinking age. (d) delegates to the democratic convention used the votes of superdelegates, who are party officials, to steer the nomination in the direction they preferred. questions 9 - 10 refer to the excerpt. to the people of the state of new york:... the election of the president is pretty well guarded. i will somewhat further, and hesitate not to affirm, that if the manner of it be not perfect, it is at least excellent. it unites in an eminent degree all the advantages, the union of which was to be wished. it was desirable that the sense of the people should operate in the choice of the person to whom so important a trust was to be confided. this end will be answered by committing the right of election, not to any preestablished body, but to men chosen by the people for the special purpose, and at the particular conjuncture. it was equally desirable, that the immediate election should be made by men most capable of analyzing the qualities adapted to the station, and acting under circumstances favorable to deliberation, and to a judicious combination of all the reasons and inducements which were proper to govern the choice. a small number of persons, selected by their fellow - citizens from the general mass, will be most likely to possess the information and discernment requisite for such complicated investigations. - alexander hamilton, federalist 68, march 19. which of the following models of democracy best supports hamilton’s argument in the excerpt? (a) direct (b) participatory (c) pluralist (d) elite 10. based on the excerpt, which of the following constitutional provisions would hamilton likely support? (a) allocation for members of the house of representatives being determined by the population of the state (b) the choosing of u.s. senators by the state legislatures of each individual state (c) amendments providing for universal suffrage for all citizens regardless of race or gender (d) the right for individuals and groups to peacefully assemble as designated by the first amendment

Explanation:

Question 7:

The NAACP lawyers using legal action to desegregate schools is an example of pluralist democracy, where different groups (in this case, the NAACP representing Black families) influence policy - making through various means.

Question 8:

In participatory democracy, citizens directly engage in decision - making. Ohio voters turning down a ballot initiative is an example of direct citizen participation in the democratic process.

Question 9:

Hamilton's argument about having a small number of people chosen by the people for the special purpose of electing the President aligns with the elite model, where a select group of informed individuals make decisions.

Question 10:

Hamilton would likely support the choosing of U.S. senators by state legislatures as it reflects a system where a more 'elite' or informed group (state legislators) is involved in the selection process, consistent with his views in Federalist 68.

Answer:

1. C. pluralist
2. B. In 2012, Ohio voters turned down a ballot initiative that would have created a 12 - person commission rather than using the state legislature to redraw congressional districts every 10 years.
3. D. elite
4. C. the choosing of U.S. senators by the state legislatures of each individual state