Question

in 2015 and 2016, a mosquito - borne disease called zika fever spread through much of the americas and a few other areas of the world. researchers studying the progression of the zika epidemic faced at least two major challenges in determining how many people had been infected: (1) some people who were suffering from zika infection were misdiagnosed as having other diseases, and vice versa, and (2) many cases of zika infection occurred in poor or remote areas where medical diagnosis was not available. decide whether each problem involved random or systematic errors. problem (1) is a error. problem (2) is a error.

Explanation:

1. For problem (1), misdiagnosis as having other diseases or vice - versa is a non - random error. It occurs due to limitations in diagnostic methods or knowledge, which consistently affect the results in a particular direction, so it is a systematic error.
2. For problem (2), the lack of medical diagnosis in poor or remote areas consistently under - represents the number of Zika cases. This is not a random fluctuation but a consistent issue related to the location and availability of resources, so it is also a systematic error.

Answer:

Problem (1) is a systematic error.
Problem (2) is a systematic error.