Question

#23 which sampling method will give you the least reliable (i.e. unbiased) sample?
(a) cluster sampling
(b) stratified sampling
(c) systematic sampling
(d) convenience sampling
(e) simple random sampling

#24 which of the following is an example of quantitative data?
(a) the student id number of a freshman at neumann
(b) the pin number of a student’s atm card
(c) the zip code of a student’s hometown
(d) the driver’s license number of student in aston
(e) the cumulative gpa of a student at neumann

Explanation:

Question 23

• Cluster sampling: Divides population into clusters, samples clusters. Can be reliable if clusters are representative.
• Stratified sampling: Divides into strata, samples from each. Reduces bias.
• Systematic sampling: Selects every k-th unit. Can be reliable with random start.
• Convenience sampling: Uses easily accessible samples. Prone to bias (e.g., sampling friends), least reliable.
• Simple random sampling: Randomly selects units, unbiased.

• Quantitative data is numerical and measurable (e.g., values, counts).
• (A) Student ID: Identifier (categorical, not quantitative).
• (B) PIN: Identifier (categorical).
• (C) ZIP code: Geographic identifier (categorical).
• (D) Driver’s license number: Identifier (categorical).
• (E) Cumulative GPA: Numerical value (e.g., 3.5), measurable (quantitative).

Answer:

D. Convenience sampling

Question 24