30. what is the monomer of a protein called?
31. what is the monomer of a nucleic acid?
32. what are the two types of nucleic acids?
33. label the 3 parts of a nucleotide.
34. what is the difference between dna and rna?
35. which macromolecule is pictured below? label each:
36. what type of macromolecule is an enzyme?
37. what do enzymes do?
38. label the image below:

Question

Accepted Answer

### Question 30
# Brief Explanations:
Proteins are made up of amino acids, which are their monomer units. Amino acids link together via peptide bonds to form polypeptide chains, which then fold into functional proteins.
# Answer:
The monomer of a protein is called an amino acid.

### Question 31
# Brief Explanations:
Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are polymers made up of nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base, and these nucleotides are the building blocks (monomers) of nucleic acids.
# Answer:
The monomer of a nucleic acid is a nucleotide.

### Question 32
# Brief Explanations:
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA stores genetic information, while RNA has various roles including protein synthesis (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA).
# Answer:
The two types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).

### Question 33
# Brief Explanations:
A nucleotide, the monomer of nucleic acids, has three parts: 1) a pentose sugar (deoxyribose in DNA, ribose in RNA), 2) a phosphate group (represented by the circle in the diagram), and 3) a nitrogenous base (represented by the rectangle in the diagram). The pentose sugar is the 5 - sided ring, the phosphate is attached to one end of the sugar, and the base is attached to the other carbon of the sugar.
# Answer:
The three parts of a nucleotide are: 1) Phosphate group (the circle), 2) Pentose sugar (the 5 - sided ring), 3) Nitrogenous base (the rectangle).

### Question 34
# Brief Explanations:
- **Sugar**: DNA has deoxyribose (lacks an oxygen atom on the 2' carbon of the sugar), RNA has ribose (has an oxygen atom on the 2' carbon).
- **Strands**: DNA is usually double - stranded (forms a double helix), RNA is usually single - stranded.
- **Bases**: DNA has adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), guanine (G); RNA has adenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine (C), guanine (G) (uracil replaces thymine).
- **Function**: DNA stores genetic information, RNA is involved in protein synthesis (mRNA carries genetic code, tRNA transfers amino acids, rRNA is part of ribosomes) and other regulatory functions.
# Answer:
- Sugar: DNA has deoxyribose, RNA has ribose.
- Strands: DNA is double - stranded, RNA is single - stranded.
- Bases: DNA has A, T, C, G; RNA has A, U, C, G.
- Function: DNA stores genetic info; RNA is for protein synthesis/regulation.

### Question 35
# Brief Explanations:
- **First diagram (left)**: The structure with fatty acid chains and a glycerol - phosphate backbone is a phospholipid, which is a type of lipid (specifically a component of cell membranes). Lipids are macromolecules (or a group of macromolecules) including fats, phospholipids, steroids, etc.
- **Second diagram (middle)**: The complex, folded structure with a helical region is a protein. Proteins have specific three - dimensional structures formed by the folding of polypeptide chains.
- **Third diagram (right)**: The structure with repeating sugar units (monosaccharides linked together) is a carbohydrate (specifically a polysaccharide, like a disaccharide or more complex sugar polymer). Carbohydrates are made of monosaccharides (like glucose) linked by glycosidic bonds.
# Answer:
- Left diagram: Lipid (phospholipid)
- Middle diagram: Protein
- Right diagram: Carbohydrate (polysaccharide)

### Question 36
# Brief Explanations:
Most enzymes are proteins. They have specific three - dimensional structures, including an active site, which allows them to catalyze biochemical reactions. Some RNA molecules (ribozymes) can also act as enzymes, but the majority of enzymes are proteins.
# Answer:
An enzyme is most commonly a protein (some are RNA - ribozymes).

### Question 37
# Brief Explanations:
Enzymes are biological catalysts. They speed up (catalyze) chemical reactions in cells by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. They do not get consumed in the reaction and can be reused. They are specific to particular substrates (the molecules they act on) due to the shape of their active site.
# Answer:
Enzymes act as biological catalysts; they speed up chemical reactions in cells by lowering the activation energy of the reaction.

### Question 38
# Brief Explanations:
In a typical enzyme - catalyzed reaction graph (with two curves, one for the reaction with enzyme and one without):
- The bottom dashed line is the initial energy of the reactants.
- The middle dashed line's peak is the activation energy of the enzyme - catalyzed reaction (lower than the non - catalyzed one).
- The top dashed line's peak is the activation energy of the non - enzyme - catalyzed reaction.
- The curve with the lower peak is the enzyme - catalyzed reaction, and the one with the higher peak is the non - catalyzed reaction. The y - axis represents energy, and the x - axis represents the progress of the reaction.
# Answer:
- Bottom dashed line: Energy of reactants.
- Middle peak (lower curve): Activation energy (enzyme - catalyzed reaction).
- Top peak (higher curve): Activation energy (non - enzyme - catalyzed reaction).
- Lower curve: Enzyme - catalyzed reaction progress.
- Higher curve: Non - enzyme - catalyzed reaction progress.
- Y - axis: Energy.
- X - axis: Reaction progress.

Sovi.AI - AI Math Tutor

QUESTION IMAGE

Question

Explanation:

Question 30

Answer:

Question 31