Question

1. albrecht dürer harmonized northern and italian styles by: a. moving permanently to venice b. refusing to use small details c. fitting minute details into italian theories of perspective d. only painting in the vernacular
2. john wycliffe argued that it was unnecessary for christians to rely on priests because: a. priests were all corrupt b. the bible was the absolute truth and direct word of god c. everyone was a priest by birth d. religion should be a private matter only
3. desiderius erasmus emphasized that christianity should: a. focus on elaborate pilgrimages and relics b. show people how to live good lives on a daily basis c. be enforced by the state d. only be studied by the elite
4. martin luther’s \chief teaching\ was that humans are saved through: a. good works and charity b. buying indulgences c. faith in god alone d. following all seven sacraments
5. what was the primary focus of luther’s ninety - five theses? a. a call for a new king in germany b. an attack on the sale of indulgences c. a defense of the popes authority d. a guide to painting frescoes
6. the edict of worms decreed that: a. catholicism was banned in germany b. luther was an outlaw and his works should be burned c. all priests must be married d. indulgences were now free
7. the peace of augsburg (1555) was significant because it: a. ended all religion in europe b. formally accepted the division of christianity in germany c. forced everyone to become lutheran d. made the pope the ruler of germany
8. what gave calvinists the firm conviction that they were doing god’s work? a. their control of the english parliament b. the belief in predestination c. the use of oil paints in their churches d. their refusal to pay taxes
9. the english reformation differed from the german reformation because it was: a. led by a group of peasants b. rooted in politics and the kings desire for an annulment c. completely peaceful with no deaths d. based on the ideas of michelangelo
10. anabaptists were viewed as radicals primarily because they believed in: a. the use of elaborate rituals b. the complete separation of church and state c. restoring the power of the pope d. forced baptism of infants

Explanation:

1. Albrecht Dürer merged Northern Renaissance's detailed realism with Italian perspective theory.
2. John Wycliffe promoted scriptural primacy, arguing the Bible alone was God's word, reducing priestly reliance.
3. Erasmus advocated for a practical, everyday Christian life focused on moral behavior.
4. Martin Luther's core doctrine was salvation through faith alone, rejecting good works as a requirement.
5. Luther's Ninety-Five Theses were a direct critique of the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences.
6. The Edict of Worms declared Luther an outlaw, ordering his works burned.
7. The Peace of Augsburg allowed German rulers to choose Catholicism or Lutheranism for their territories, formalizing religious division.
8. Calvinists' belief in predestined salvation gave them certainty they were doing God's work.
9. The English Reformation began mainly due to Henry VIII's political desire for an annulment, not purely religious reform.
10. Anabaptists were seen as radicals for advocating full separation of church and state, among other unorthodox views.

Answer:

1. C. Fitting minute details into Italian theories of perspective
2. B. The Bible was the absolute truth and direct word of God
3. B. Show people how to live good lives on a daily basis
4. C. Faith in God alone
5. B. An attack on the sale of indulgences
6. B. Luther was an outlaw and his works should be burned
7. B. Formally accepted the division of Christianity in Germany
8. B. The belief in predestination
9. B. Rooted in politics and the King's desire for an annulment
10. B. The complete separation of church and state