Question

1. on - line testing systems and interactive software are applications of the operant conditioning principles of: a) shaping and immediate reinforcement. b) immediate reinforcement and punishment. c) shaping and primary reinforcement. d) continuous reinforcement and punishment. 54. the manager of a manufacturing plant wishes to use positive reinforcement to increase the productivity of workers. which of the following procedures would probably be the most effective? a) deserving employees are given a general merit bonus at the end of each fiscal year. b) a productivity goal that seems attainable, yet is unrealistic, is set for each employee. c) employees are given immediate bonuses for specific behaviors related to productivity. d) employees who fail to meet standards of productivity receive pay cuts. 55. after watching coverage of the olympics on television recently, lynn and susan have been staging their own “summer games.” which of the following best accounts for their behavior? a) classical conditioning b) observational learning c) latent learning d) shaping 56. learning by imitating others behaviors is called ____ learning. the researcher best known for studying this type of learning is __. a) secondary; skinner b) observational; bandura c) secondary; pavlov d) observational; watson 57. mirror neurons are found in the brains ____ and are believed to be the neural basis. a) frontal lobe; observational learning b) frontal lobe; classical conditioning c) temporal lobe; operant conditioning d) temporal lobe; observational learning

Explanation:

• Question 53: Online testing systems and interactive software use shaping (guiding behavior towards a goal in steps) and immediate reinforcement (rewarding right away) from operant conditioning principles.
• Question 54: Positive reinforcement is most effective when it is immediate and tied to specific productive behaviors, so immediate bonuses for such behaviors are the best choice.
• Question 55: Lynn and Susan staging their own games after watching the Olympics is an example of observational learning, where they learn by observing others.
• Question 56: Learning by imitating others is observational learning, and Bandura is well - known for studying this type of learning.
• Question 57: Mirror neurons are found in the frontal lobe and are associated with observational learning.

Answer:

1. A. shaping and immediate reinforcement
2. C. Employees are given immediate bonuses for specific behaviors related to productivity.
3. B. observational learning
4. B. observational; Bandura
5. A. frontal lobe; observational learning