Question

1. for question 83, choose from the following choices: i. phasing in governmental subsidies and tax breaks to industries that adopt eco - friendly manufacturing and business practices ii. implementing market barriers iii. charging user fees iv. ecolabeling programs v. levying ecotaxes which of these choice(s) represent a financial incentive to improve environmental quality and reduce resource waste? (a) i (b) ii (c) ii and iii (d) iii and iv (e) i, iv, and v 84. which of the following is not part of a cost - benefit analysis? (a) judging whether public services provided by the private sector are adequate (b) judging and assessing inefficiencies in the private sector and their impact on health, safety, and environmental need (c) determining external costs to society (d) meeting societal needs in a cost - effective manner (e) all are part of a cost - benefit analysis 85. which of the following examples listed is a positive externality? (a) anthropogenic climate change is attributed to greenhouse gas emissions from burning oil, gas, and coal. (b) water pollution by industries that adds poisons to the water harms plants, animals, and humans. (c) industrial farm animal production, on the rise in the 20th century, resulted in farms that were easier to run, with fewer and often less - highly - skilled employees, and a greater output of uniform animal products. (d) the harvesting by one fishing company in the ocean depletes the stock of available fish for the other companies, and overfishing may result. (e) a beekeeper raising bees for their honey on his property allows the bees to pollinate surrounding crops on other farmers property. 86. externalized costs of nuclear power include all of the following except (a) disposing of nuclear wastes (b) government subsidies (c) costs associated with three mile island (d) price - anderson indemnity act (e) all are external costs

Explanation:

Question 83:

Financial incentives encourage eco - friendly behavior through money - related measures. Phasing in government subsidies and tax breaks (I) is a direct financial incentive. Ecolabeling programs (IV) can lead to increased marketability and thus financial benefits. Levying ecotaxes (V) can also create financial incentives for industries to reduce negative environmental impacts by avoiding or minimizing tax payments.

Question 84:

Cost - benefit analysis involves determining external costs to society (C), meeting societal needs in a cost - effective manner (D), and assessing aspects related to private sector services and inefficiencies (A and B). All these are part of cost - benefit analysis.

Question 85:

A positive externality is a benefit that affects a third - party not directly involved in the economic activity. A beekeeper's bees pollinating surrounding crops (E) is a positive externality as it benefits other farmers without any direct cost to them. The other options are negative externalities or other economic concepts.

Question 86:

Externalized costs are costs that are not borne by the producer or consumer directly. Disposing of nuclear wastes (A), costs related to Three Mile Island (C), and the Price - Anderson Indemnity Act (D) are all externalized costs of nuclear power. Government subsidies (B) are not externalized costs but rather a form of government support.

Answer:

Question 83: E. I, IV, and V

Question 84: E. All are part of a cost - benefit analysis

Question 85: E. A beekeeper raising bees for their honey on his property allows the bees to pollinate surrounding crops on other farmers' property.

Question 86: B. government subsidies