Question

abduction. abduction is moving a limb away (generally on the frontal plane) from the midline, or median plane, of the body (figure 6.13d). the terminology also applies to the (1. ) movement of your fingers or toes when they are spread apart.
adduction. adduction is the opposite of abduction, so it is the movement of a limb toward the body midline (figure 6.13d). think of adduction as “adding” a body part by bringing it (2. ) to the trunk.
circumduction. circumduction is a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction commonly seen in ball - and - socket joints, such as the shoulder. the proximal end of the limb is stationary, and its (3. ) end moves in a circle. the limb as a whole outlines a cone (figure 6.13d), as when you do big arm circles.
special movements
certain movements do not fit into any of the previous categories and occur at only a few joints.
dorsiflexion and plantar flexion. up - and - down movements of the foot at the ankle are given special names. lifting the foot so that its (4. ) surface approaches the shin (pointing your toe toward your head) is dorsiflexion, whereas pointing the toes away from your head is plantar flexion (figure 6.13e). dorsiflexion of the foot corresponds to extension and (5. ) of the hand at the wrist, whereas plantar flexion of the foot corresponds to flexion of the hand.

1. superior 2. hyperextension 3. fanning 4. closer 5. distal
2. distal 2. superior 3. hyperextension 4. fanning 5. closer
3. hyperextension 2. fanning 3. closer 4. distal 5. superior
4. fanning 2. closer 3. distal 4. superior 5. hyperextension
5. closer 2. distal 3. superior 4. hyperextension 5. fanning

Explanation:

1. Fanning is the spreading - apart movement like fingers/toes, which fits the description for the first blank related to finger/toe movement.
2. Bringing a limb closer to the trunk is the concept of adduction, so "closer" is correct for the second blank.
3. In circumduction, the distal end of the limb moves in a circle while the proximal end is stationary, so "distal" for the third blank.
4. Lifting the foot so its superior surface approaches the shin is dorsiflexion, so "superior" for the fourth blank.
5. Dorsiflexion of the foot corresponds to extension and hyperextension of the hand at the wrist, so "hyperextension" for the fifth blank.

Answer:

1. fanning
2. closer
3. distal
4. superior
5. hyperextension