Question

adapted from submarines from the story of great inventions by elmer ellsworth burns
successful navigation beneath the surface of the water, though not carried to the extent imagined by jules verne, was a reality at the beginning of the twentieth century. instead of twenty thousand leagues under the sea, less than a hundred leagues had been accomplished, but no one can foretell what the future may have in store.
the submarine is primarily utilized in wars. the weapon used by the submarine is the torpedo. the torpedo is itself a small submarine able to propel itself, and it started in the water toward a certain object, to go under water straight to the mark. it carries a heavy charge, either of guncotton or dynamite, which explodes when the torpedo strikes a solid object, such as a battle - ship.
it would be very difficult for one submarine to fight another submarine, for the submarine when completely submerged is blind. it could not see in the water to find its enemy. the torpedo - boat - destroyer is able to destroy a submarine by torpedoes, or by guns full of high explosives, or quick - firing guns. advantage must be taken of the moment when the submarine comes to the surface to get a view of her enemy.
one of the great enemies of the submarine will probably be the air - ship, for while the submarine when under water cannot be seen from a ship on the surface, it can, under favorable conditions, be seen from a certain height in the air.
the rising and sinking of the submarine depend on the principle of archimedes. the upward push of the water is just equal to the weight of the water displaced. if the water displaced weighs more than the boat, then the upward push of the water is greater than the weight of the boat and the boat rises. however, the boat can be made to dive when its weight is just a little less than the weight of the water displaced. this is done by means of horizontal rudders which may be inclined so as to cause the boat to angle downward as its propeller drives it forward.
there is one submarine built for peaceful pursuits. it is the alaut, invented by simon lake. this remarkable boat crawls on the bottom of the sea, but not at an immense depth. it is
3
drag each label to the correct location on the chart. each label may be used more than once.
classify which sentences from the passage describe a cause and which ones describe an effect.
effect cause

sentence	cause or effect

Explanation:

1. "It carries a heavy charge, either of guncotton or dynamite, which explodes when the torpedo strikes a solid object, such as a battle - ship." is an effect because the heavy charge and its explosion are results of the torpedo's design and action.
2. "The rising and sinking of the submarine depend on the principle of Archimedes." is a cause as the principle of Archimedes is what makes the rising and sinking possible.
3. "Submarines have been made strong enough to withstand the pressure at a depth of five thousand feet, or nearly a mile." is an effect as the strength of submarines is a result of the need to withstand deep - sea pressure.

Answer:

Sentence	Cause or Effect
The rising and sinking of the submarine depend on the principle of Archimedes.	Cause
Submarines have been made strong enough to withstand the pressure at a depth of five thousand feet, or nearly a mile.	Effect