answer the following questions to check your understanding of the lesson.
use the photo to answer questions 3 and 4.
3. suppose the skater is at the highest point in the jump. what are the relative amounts of the skater’s kinetic and gravitational potential energy at that point?
a. all kinetic energy, no gravitational potential energy
b. half kinetic energy, half gravitational potential energy
c. no kinetic energy, all gravitational potential energy
d. no kinetic energy, no gravitational potential energy
4. which of the following statements about the kinetic and potential energy of the skater are true? you may select more than one answer.
a. as the skater rolls up the side of the half-pipe, the skater gains kinetic energy.
b. the skater has no gravitational potential energy at the bottom of the half-pipe.
c. gravitational potential energy becomes kinetic energy when the skater rolls down the side of the half-pipe.
d. the skater transfers gravitational potential energy to the skateboard.
the table describes several objects sitting on a display shelf. use the table to answer question 5.
5. which of the objects in the table has the most gravitational potential energy?
| object | height (m) | mass (kg) |
|--------------|------------|-----------|
| trophy | 1.0 | 4.5 |
| bowling ball | 1.4 | 7.3 |
| book | 0.5 | 0.3 |
| diploma | 1.2 | 0.1 |
a. trophy
b. bowling ball
c. book
d. diploma
6. two cars are driving down the road. car a has a mass of 1100 kg and is moving at 20 m/s. car b is has a mass of 1000 kg and is moving at 30 m/s. which car has more kinetic energy and why?
a. car a because it has more mass and almost the same speed as car b
b. car b because it has a greater speed and almost the same mass as car a
c. car a because it has a lower speed and almost the same mass as car b
d. car b because it has less mass and almost the same speed as car a

Question

answer the following questions to check your understanding of the lesson.
use the photo to answer questions 3 and 4.
3. suppose the skater is at the highest point in the jump. what are the relative amounts of the skater’s kinetic and gravitational potential energy at that point?
a. all kinetic energy, no gravitational potential energy
b. half kinetic energy, half gravitational potential energy
c. no kinetic energy, all gravitational potential energy
d. no kinetic energy, no gravitational potential energy
4. which of the following statements about the kinetic and potential energy of the skater are true? you may select more than one answer.
a. as the skater rolls up the side of the half-pipe, the skater gains kinetic energy.
b. the skater has no gravitational potential energy at the bottom of the half-pipe.
c. gravitational potential energy becomes kinetic energy when the skater rolls down the side of the half-pipe.
d. the skater transfers gravitational potential energy to the skateboard.
the table describes several objects sitting on a display shelf. use the table to answer question 5.
5. which of the objects in the table has the most gravitational potential energy?
| object       | height (m) | mass (kg) |
|--------------|------------|-----------|
| trophy       | 1.0        | 4.5       |
| bowling ball | 1.4        | 7.3       |
| book         | 0.5        | 0.3       |
| diploma      | 1.2        | 0.1       |
a. trophy
b. bowling ball
c. book
d. diploma
6. two cars are driving down the road. car a has a mass of 1100 kg and is moving at 20 m/s. car b is has a mass of 1000 kg and is moving at 30 m/s. which car has more kinetic energy and why?
a. car a because it has more mass and almost the same speed as car b
b. car b because it has a greater speed and almost the same mass as car a
c. car a because it has a lower speed and almost the same mass as car b
d. car b because it has less mass and almost the same speed as car a

Accepted Answer

### Question 3
# Answer:
C. no kinetic energy, all gravitational potential energy
# Brief Explanations:
At the highest point of a jump, the skater's vertical velocity is momentarily zero (so kinetic energy, which depends on velocity, is zero). Gravitational potential energy depends on height, and at maximum height, the height is greatest, so all the energy (neglecting air resistance) is gravitational potential energy.

### Question 4
# Answer:
B. The skater has no gravitational potential energy at the bottom of the half - pipe. ; C. Gravitational potential energy becomes kinetic energy when the skater rolls down the side of the half - pipe.
# Brief Explanations:
- Option A: When the skater rolls up the half - pipe, speed decreases, so kinetic energy decreases (not gains).
- Option B: Gravitational potential energy is relative; if we take the bottom of the half - pipe as the zero - potential level, then the skater has no gravitational potential energy there.
- Option C: When rolling down, height decreases (so potential energy decreases) and speed increases (kinetic energy increases), so gravitational potential energy is converted to kinetic energy.
- Option D: The skater's gravitational potential energy is related to the skater - Earth system, and it is not transferred to the skateboard in this way.

### Question 5
# Answer:
B. bowling ball
# Brief Explanations:
The formula for gravitational potential energy is $PE = mgh$ (where $m$ is mass, $g$ is acceleration due to gravity, and $h$ is height).
- For Trophy: $PE_{trophy}=4.5	imes g	imes1.0 = 4.5g$
- For Bowling ball: $PE_{bowling\ ball}=7.3	imes g	imes1.4=10.22g$
- For Book: $PE_{book}=0.3	imes g	imes0.5 = 0.15g$
- For Diploma: $PE_{diploma}=0.1	imes g	imes1.2 = 0.12g$

Since $g$ is a positive constant, the bowling ball has the highest gravitational potential energy.

### Question 6
# Answer:
B. car B because it has a greater speed and almost the same mass as car A
# Brief Explanations:
The formula for kinetic energy is $KE=\frac{1}{2}mv^{2}$.
- For Car A: $KE_{A}=\frac{1}{2}	imes1100	imes(20)^{2}=\frac{1}{2}	imes1100	imes400 = 220000\ J$
- For Car B: $KE_{B}=\frac{1}{2}	imes1000	imes(30)^{2}=\frac{1}{2}	imes1000	imes900 = 450000\ J$

Car B has a greater kinetic energy because even though its mass is slightly less than Car A's, its speed is much higher, and kinetic energy is more dependent on speed (since it is squared in the formula).

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