before the dissection:
- review your notes, corresponding sections in your textbook and review the reading guide sections on the anatomy of the brain and the cranial nerves.
- read and annotate the \how to dissect\ document and complete the schoology quiz on dissection safety, technique and expectations.
- place this lab exercise into notability and annotate to ensure you are prepared for the dissection.
- complete the pre - lab questions.
- review the list of vocabulary terms below. define any unfamiliar terms. (glossary is attached at the end)
vocabulary:
brain stem cranial nerves pituitary gland
central nervous system diencephalon sensory receptors
meninges ganglia spinal nerves
cerebellum hypothalamus thalamus
cerebral spinal fluid medulla oblongata ventricle
cerebrum peripheral nervous system pons
pre - lab questions:
answer these questions before performing the dissection.
1. the brain can be divided into four major regions:
_____________, _____________, _____________, _____________
2. the cerebral hemispheres are the most superior or inferior part of the brain.
3. the surface of the cerebrum is viewed as elevated ridges called _____________, that are separated by shallow depressed areas called _____________ or deeper grooves called _____________. these are used as important anatomical landmarks.
4. the large \cauliflower - like\, _____________ is found on the dorsal side of the brain and has two hemispheres. this structure serves as an area for balance and coordination.
5. list the three major areas of the brain stem starting with the structure closest to the spinal cord (most inferior).
_____________, _____________, _____________
6. list the three meninges of the brain starting with the outermost (superficial) membrane.
_____________, _____________, _____________
7. how many pairs of cranial nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system? _________

Question

before the dissection:
- review your notes, corresponding sections in your textbook and review the reading guide sections on the anatomy of the brain and the cranial nerves.
- read and annotate the \how to dissect\ document and complete the schoology quiz on dissection safety, technique and expectations.
- place this lab exercise into notability and annotate to ensure you are prepared for the dissection.
- complete the pre - lab questions.
- review the list of vocabulary terms below. define any unfamiliar terms. (glossary is attached at the end)
vocabulary:
brain stem 			cranial nerves 			pituitary gland
central nervous system 			diencephalon 			sensory receptors
meninges 			ganglia 			spinal nerves
cerebellum 			hypothalamus 			thalamus
cerebral spinal fluid 			medulla oblongata 			ventricle
cerebrum 			peripheral nervous system pons
pre - lab questions:
answer these questions before performing the dissection.
1. the brain can be divided into four major regions:
 _____________, _____________, _____________, _____________
2. the cerebral hemispheres are the most superior or inferior part of the brain.
3. the surface of the cerebrum is viewed as elevated ridges called _____________, that are separated by shallow depressed areas called _____________ or deeper grooves called _____________. these are used as important anatomical landmarks.
4. the large \cauliflower - like\, _____________ is found on the dorsal side of the brain and has two hemispheres. this structure serves as an area for balance and coordination.
5. list the three major areas of the brain stem starting with the structure closest to the spinal cord (most inferior).
 _____________, _____________, _____________
6. list the three meninges of the brain starting with the outermost (superficial) membrane.
 _____________, _____________, _____________
7. how many pairs of cranial nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system? _________

Accepted Answer

### Question 1
# Brief Explanations:
The four major regions of the brain are the cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, and brain stem. This is based on the anatomical division of the brain, where each region has distinct functions and structures.
# Answer:
Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Diencephalon, Brain Stem

### Question 2
# Brief Explanations:
The cerebral hemispheres are located at the top (superior) part of the brain. They are the most prominent and upper portion of the brain, responsible for higher cognitive functions.
# Answer:
superior

### Question 3
# Brief Explanations:
The surface of the cerebrum has elevated ridges called gyri, separated by shallow depressions (sulci) and deeper grooves (fissures). These are key anatomical features used to identify different areas of the cerebrum.
# Answer:
gyri, sulci, fissures

### Question 4
# Brief Explanations:
The cerebellum has a cauliflower - like appearance, is on the dorsal (back) side of the brain, has two hemispheres, and is responsible for balance and coordination.
# Answer:
cerebellum

### Question 5
# Brief Explanations:
The brain stem, from the most inferior (closest to the spinal cord) to more superior, consists of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain. The medulla is adjacent to the spinal cord, followed by the pons, and then the midbrain.
# Answer:
Medulla oblongata, Pons, Midbrain

### Question 6
# Brief Explanations:
The three meninges of the brain, from outermost to innermost, are the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. The dura mater is the tough outer layer, the arachnoid is the middle layer, and the pia mater is the delicate inner layer that adheres to the brain.
# Answer:
Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, Pia mater

### Question 7
# Brief Explanations:
There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves in the peripheral nervous system. These nerves originate from the brain and innervate various structures in the head, neck, and some in the trunk.
# Answer:
12

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