Question

biology review worksheet -quarter 1
section 1: scientific knowledge and the scientific method
1- a pharmaceutical company wants to claim that it has developed a drug that will decrease the likelihood of seizures in patients with epilepsy. what should be done to ensure that this claim is reliable?
a. if one group of scientists claim the results are reliable, then everyone will agree, and the results will be deemed reliable.
b. the results should be replicated, and the research peer reviewed by other scientists before the claim can be made.
c. the company should share the results with the public and let the public decide about the claim.
d. the company should share the results with the government and allow the government to decide on the claim.
2- what is required by the scientific community before a new medical research claim can be accepted as valid?
section 2: macromolecules
3-use the picture on the right to answer the question. which answer choice correctly identifies the carbon molecules?
a. a = carbohydrate; b = lipid; c = nucleic acid; d = protein
b. a = nucleic acid; b = protein; c = carbohydrate; d = lipid
c. a = protein; b = carbohydrate; c = lipid; d = nucleic acid
d. a = lipid; b = protein; c = carbohydrate; d= nucleic acid
4- in the table below, put an \x\ to the type of atoms that each macromolecule contains.

macromolecules	carbon (c)	hydrogen (h)	oxygen (o)	nitrogen (n)	phosphorus (p)	r group
carbohydrates
lipids
nucleic acids
protein

5- which of the following could be used to differentiate between a carbohydrate and a nucleic acid?
a. carbohydrate molecules are only found in chains, while nucleic acid molecules only form rings.
b. carbohydrate molecules contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, whereas nucleic acid molecules also have a nitrogen base and phosphate group.
c. carbohydrate molecules have nitrogen atoms, whereas nucleic acids have an attached phosphate group.
d. carbohydrate molecules have a nitrogen base, whereas nucleic acid molecules have an r group.
section 3: properties of water
6- match the different properties of water with its appropriate definition.

1. water molecule
2. high specific heat
3. polarity

a) can dissolve a lot of substances.
b) the hydrogen of one water molecule is attracted to the oxygen of another water molecule
c) water molecules are sticking together

Explanation:

1. In science, for a claim to be reliable, results should be replicated and peer - reviewed. This ensures the validity and reliability of the research. Option A is incorrect as one group's claim is not sufficient. Option C, letting the public decide, is not a scientific way as the public may lack the expertise. Option D, relying on the government alone without scientific peer - review is also not sufficient.
2. The scientific community requires replication of results and peer - review before accepting a new medical research claim as valid.
3. By their molecular structures: A shows a nucleic acid (double - helix like structure), B shows a protein (peptide bond structure), C shows a carbohydrate (ring structure with many hydroxyl groups), D shows a lipid (hydrocarbon chain structure).
4. Carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Lipids contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Nucleic acids contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and may have other elements like sulfur and also have R - groups.
5. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Nucleic acids have carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, including a nitrogen - base and phosphate group.
6. Water molecule is polar, which means the hydrogen of one water molecule is attracted to the oxygen of another water molecule. High specific heat means water can absorb a lot of heat energy. Polarity is related to the unequal sharing of electrons in the water molecule and its ability to dissolve many substances due to its polar nature.

Answer:

1. B. The results should be replicated, and the research peer reviewed by other scientists before the claim can be made
2. Results should be replicated and research should be peer - reviewed.
3. B. A = nucleic acid; B = protein; C = carbohydrate; D = lipid

4.

Macromolecules	Carbon (C)	Hydrogen (H)	Oxygen (O)	Nitrogen (N)	Phosphorus (P)	R group
Lipids	x	x	x
Nucleic Acids	x	x	x	x	x
Protein	x	x	x	x		x

1. B. Carbohydrate molecules contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, whereas nucleic acid molecules also have a nitrogen base and phosphate group.

6.

1. - B
2. - A
3. - A