Question

bites, wounds, scrapes are examples of this bypass route for pathogen entry into the body
toxin produced only by gram negative bacteria
a pathogen with low infectious dose is described as this
factors such as ligands or glycoproteins required for colonization
acquired immediately after birth, may remain in body throughout life
air, water, and food are included in this type of transmission
normally commensals, but can cause disease under certain conditions
lower digestive tract
incubation period
highly virulent
endotoxin
decline
lower respiratory tract
microbiota
opportunistic pathogens

Explanation:

1. Bites, wounds, scrapes are breaks in the skin, allowing pathogens to bypass normal barriers, which is related to non - intact skin as an entry route.
2. Endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides found in the outer membrane of gram - negative bacteria.
3. A pathogen with a low infectious dose is highly virulent as it can cause infection with a small amount.
4. Ligands or glycoproteins are adhesins that help pathogens colonize host tissues.
5. Microbiota are acquired at birth and can remain throughout life.
6. Air, water, and food are vehicles for the transmission of pathogens, known as vehicle transmission.
7. Opportunistic pathogens are normally commensals but can cause disease under certain conditions like a weakened immune system.

Answer:

1. Bites, wounds, scrapes - Non - intact skin (not in the given options but conceptually correct, if we have to choose from given options, no perfect match)
2. Toxin produced only by gram negative bacteria - Endotoxin
3. A pathogen with low infectious dose - Highly virulent
4. Factors such as ligands or glycoproteins required for colonization - No perfect match in given options (adhesins conceptually, but not listed)
5. Acquired immediately after birth, may remain in body throughout life - Microbiota
6. Air, water, and food are included in this type of transmission - No perfect match in given options (vehicle transmission conceptually, but not listed)
7. Normally commensals, but can cause disease under certain conditions - Opportunistic pathogens