Question

your body reacts to positive and negative stress in similar ways. as your body prepares for action—known as the fight-or-flight response—it releases (1) ___________________ the heart receives a message from the (2) _________________ and beats faster. (3) _________________ expand, allowing more blood to flow to the brain and muscles. the muscles (4) _________________ and become ready for action. breathing deepens and speeds up as (5) _________________ widen. this bring extra (6) _________________ to the muscles. other body activities slow down. these include the activities of the (7) _________________ and the (8) ___________________

Explanation:

To solve this fill - in - the - blank about the body's stress response (fight - or - flight), we use knowledge of human physiology:

Step 1: Analyze blank (1)

In the fight - or - flight response, the body releases stress hormones. The main stress hormone released is adrenaline (or epinephrine). So, (1) should be "adrenaline (epinephrine)"

Step 2: Analyze blank (2)

The heart gets signals from the brain (specifically the sympathetic nervous system which is part of the nervous system, and the brain controls the sympathetic nervous system). So, (2) is "brain (specifically the sympathetic nervous system part of the brain's control)" (more precisely, the sympathetic nervous system which is regulated by the brain, but for simplicity, "brain" or "nervous system" can be used. The more accurate term is "sympathetic nervous system", but if we consider the source of the message, the brain sends signals via the sympathetic nervous system. So (2) can be "sympathetic nervous system" or "brain (via the sympathetic nervous system)". A common answer is "brain" or "sympathetic nervous system". Let's use "brain" for simplicity here.

Step 3: Analyze blank (3)

To allow more blood to flow to the brain and muscles, blood vessels (arteries) expand. So, (3) is "Blood vessels (Arteries)"

Step 4: Analyze blank (4)

Muscles tense up (contract) to be ready for action. So, (4) is "tense (contract)"

Step 5: Analyze blank (5)

For breathing to deepen and speed up, the airways (bronchi) widen. So, (5) is "Airways (Bronchi)"

Step 6: Analyze blank (6)

The extra thing brought to the muscles is oxygen (since oxygen is needed for muscle action). So, (6) is "oxygen"

Step 7: Analyze blank (7) and (8)

During the fight - or - flight response, non - essential body functions slow down. The digestive system and the reproductive system (or other non - essential systems like the urinary system) slow down. So, (7) can be "digestive system" and (8) can be "reproductive system (or urinary system etc.)"

Final Answers:

(1) \(\boldsymbol{\text{adrenaline (epinephrine)}}\)
(2) \(\boldsymbol{\text{brain (or sympathetic nervous system)}}\)
(3) \(\boldsymbol{\text{Blood vessels (Arteries)}}\)
(4) \(\boldsymbol{\text{tense (contract)}}\)
(5) \(\boldsymbol{\text{Airways (Bronchi)}}\)
(6) \(\boldsymbol{\text{oxygen}}\)
(7) \(\boldsymbol{\text{digestive system}}\)
(8) \(\boldsymbol{\text{reproductive system (or urinary system)}}\)

Answer:

To solve this fill - in - the - blank about the body's stress response (fight - or - flight), we use knowledge of human physiology:

Step 1: Analyze blank (1)

In the fight - or - flight response, the body releases stress hormones. The main stress hormone released is adrenaline (or epinephrine). So, (1) should be "adrenaline (epinephrine)"

Step 2: Analyze blank (2)

The heart gets signals from the brain (specifically the sympathetic nervous system which is part of the nervous system, and the brain controls the sympathetic nervous system). So, (2) is "brain (specifically the sympathetic nervous system part of the brain's control)" (more precisely, the sympathetic nervous system which is regulated by the brain, but for simplicity, "brain" or "nervous system" can be used. The more accurate term is "sympathetic nervous system", but if we consider the source of the message, the brain sends signals via the sympathetic nervous system. So (2) can be "sympathetic nervous system" or "brain (via the sympathetic nervous system)". A common answer is "brain" or "sympathetic nervous system". Let's use "brain" for simplicity here.

Step 3: Analyze blank (3)

To allow more blood to flow to the brain and muscles, blood vessels (arteries) expand. So, (3) is "Blood vessels (Arteries)"

Step 4: Analyze blank (4)

Muscles tense up (contract) to be ready for action. So, (4) is "tense (contract)"

Step 5: Analyze blank (5)

For breathing to deepen and speed up, the airways (bronchi) widen. So, (5) is "Airways (Bronchi)"

Step 6: Analyze blank (6)

The extra thing brought to the muscles is oxygen (since oxygen is needed for muscle action). So, (6) is "oxygen"

Step 7: Analyze blank (7) and (8)

During the fight - or - flight response, non - essential body functions slow down. The digestive system and the reproductive system (or other non - essential systems like the urinary system) slow down. So, (7) can be "digestive system" and (8) can be "reproductive system (or urinary system etc.)"

Final Answers:

(1) \(\boldsymbol{\text{adrenaline (epinephrine)}}\)
(2) \(\boldsymbol{\text{brain (or sympathetic nervous system)}}\)
(3) \(\boldsymbol{\text{Blood vessels (Arteries)}}\)
(4) \(\boldsymbol{\text{tense (contract)}}\)
(5) \(\boldsymbol{\text{Airways (Bronchi)}}\)
(6) \(\boldsymbol{\text{oxygen}}\)
(7) \(\boldsymbol{\text{digestive system}}\)
(8) \(\boldsymbol{\text{reproductive system (or urinary system)}}\)