Question

the cell cycle
name

1. what moves the chromatids during mitosis?
2. what anchors the spindle?
3. what are the four phases of mitosis?
4. how many daughter cells are created from mitosis and cytokinesis?
5. during what phase does cytokinesis begin?
6. if a human cell has 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be in each daughter cell?
7. if a dog cell has 72 chromosomes, how many daughter cells will be created during a single cell cycle? each of these daughter cells will have how many chromosomes?
8. the nuclear membrane dissolves during what phase?
9. in the cell pictured above, how many chromosomes are present during prophase?
10. what structure holds the individual chromatids together?

Explanation:

Step1: Identify mitosis - related structures

Spindle fibers move chromatids during mitosis.

Step2: Determine spindle - anchoring structure

Centrioles anchor the spindle.

Step3: Recall mitosis phases

The four phases of mitosis are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Step4: Know daughter - cell number

Two daughter cells are created from mitosis and cytokinesis.

Step5: Identify cytokinesis start phase

Cytokinesis begins during telophase.

Step6: Calculate chromosome number in daughter cells

In mitosis, daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. So if a human cell has 46 chromosomes, each daughter cell will have 46 chromosomes.

Step7: Apply to dog cell

For a dog cell with 72 chromosomes, two daughter cells are created during a single cell cycle, and each daughter cell will have 72 chromosomes.

Step8: Recall nuclear - membrane dissolution phase

The nuclear membrane dissolves during prophase.

Step9: Count chromosomes in prophase

Without specific information about the cell in the picture, assume normal somatic - cell chromosome number for the organism. But generally, the number of chromosomes in prophase is the same as the normal somatic - cell number (before DNA replication, the chromosomes are single - stranded; after replication but before separation, each chromosome has two chromatids but is still counted as one chromosome).

Step10: Identify chromatid - holding structure

The centromere holds the individual chromatids together.

Answer:

1. Spindle fibers
2. Centrioles
3. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
4. Two
5. Telophase
6. 46
7. Two; 72
8. Prophase
9. [Depends on organism's somatic - cell chromosome number]
10. Centromere