Question

ch. - 4 medieval architecture, cities, merchants and craftsmen.
fill in the blanks.

1. a person who is proficient in architecture is called an _.
2. the best specimen of mughal architecture ,taj mahal is built by _.
3. _ is one of the twelve most sacred jyotirlingas in india.
4. the city of ahmedabad was established by _.

state whether the following statements are true or false.

1. capital of vijaynagar was hampi.
2. world famous merchants like malik vora and virji gopi lived in surat.
3. diu, daman, goa, mumbai, chennai, puducherry, kochi developed with the arrival of european companies.
4. the pride of gujarat is garba which is associated with worship and praise of goddess shakti.
5. the patola work done by ladies of bhavnagar is in great demand, all over the world.

answer the following questions in one word.

1. by which other name is sun temple of konark known?
2. with the help of which tools is sculpture made ?
3. where is somnath temple located?
4. which garden is developed in the middle of kankaria lake?

answer the following questions in one sentence.

1. who built the rani ni vav and where?
2. what is said about adi - kadi step - well?
3. name the book written by sarangdev of devgiri and haripal dev of gujarat.
4. what is the speciality of temples of south india?
5. which fort of kumbhalgarh and chittod are important pieces of hindu architecture during medieval time?

explain following terms.

1. hudo
2. gopuram

give reasons.

1. sun temple of konark is also known as black pagoda.
2. hampi was a major centre of trade and commerce.

write short note on:

1. rudra mahalaya
2. navratri garba festival
3. urbanization during medieval period

ch.-11 components of the environment and interrelationships
fill in the blanks.

1. _ is the only planet in the solar system which has natural environment.
2. high tides are formed by _ or storm.
3. man - made environment is also known as _ environment.

state whether the following statements are true or false.

1. the main source of fresh water is ocean.
2. the time interval between two tides is 15 hours.
3. tides occurs on the earth due to gravitational force of jupiter and saturn.
4. in the pacific ocean there is a trench which is 10 to 11 kms deep.
5. man does excavation in lithosphere to obtain minerals.

answer the following questions in one word.

1. environment is made up of how many components?
2. how many times a day does the sea - level rises and falls ?
3. what is the phenomenon of rising and falling of sea called ?
4. what is unnecessary, excessive, unbearable sound known as?

explain the following terms.

1. biosphere
2. atmosphere
3. hydrosphere

answer the following questions in two to three sentences.

1. what are the reasons of land pollution?
2. what are the causes of air pollution?
3. what are the measures to prevent water pollution?
4. due to which pollutants air pollution increases?
5. write adverse effects of noise pollution.

give reasons.

Answer:

1. architect
2. Shah Jahan
3. Somnath
4. Ahmed Shah

5.

• True
• True
• True
• True
• True

6.

• Black Pagoda
• chisels (or other common sculpting tools)
• Gujarat
• Nagina Wadi

7.

• Rani ni Vav was built by Udayamati in Patan.
• Adi - Kadi Step - Well is an architecturally significant step - well.
• Sarangdev of Devgiri and Haripal Dev of Gujarat wrote 'Sangeet Ratnakar'.
• Temples of South India are known for their elaborate Dravidian architecture and gopurams.
• Kumbhalgarh Fort and Chittod Fort are important medieval Hindu architectural structures.

8.

• Not enough context for a full - fledged answer (for Hudo).
• A richly decorated monumental tower at the entrance of a South Indian Hindu temple (for Gopuram).

9.

• Due to its dark stone and magnetic properties that drew ships (for Sun temple as Black Pagoda).
• Due to its strategic location, large population, and rich resources (for Hampi as a trade centre).

10.

• A Shiva - dedicated temple with architectural and religious importance (for Rudra Mahalaya).
• A nine - day festival in Gujarat with Garba dance dedicated to Goddess Durga (for Navratri Garba Festival).
• Influenced by trade, religious growth, foreign traders, and administrative development (for urbanization during medieval period).

11.

• Fill in the blanks:
• Earth
• gravitational pull of the moon
• anthropogenic
• True - false:
• False
• False
• False
• True
• True
• One - word answers:
• four
• twice
• tides
• noise pollution
• Term explanations:
• The global sum of all ecosystems (for biosphere).
• The layer of gases surrounding the Earth (for atmosphere).
• All the water on the Earth's surface (for hydrosphere).
• Two - three sentence answers:
• Industrial waste, improper waste disposal, deforestation, and use of pesticides/fertilizers (for land pollution reasons).
• Industrial emissions, vehicular exhausts, burning of fossil fuels, agricultural activities (for air pollution causes).
• Proper sewage treatment, reducing industrial waste discharge, eco - friendly agriculture (for water pollution prevention).
• Particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide (for air - pollution - increasing pollutants).
• Hearing loss, stress, sleep disturbances, reduced productivity (for noise - pollution adverse effects).