Question

a challenge that italy faced after unification was
ongoing wars with other nations. demand for new nation - states.
too much control by the church. political unrest and instability.

Explanation:

After Italy's unification, one major challenge was political unrest and instability. Italy had regional differences, struggles between different political groups (like liberals and radicals), and difficulties in forming a stable government. "Ongoing wars with other nations" was not a primary post - unification challenge as Italy focused on internal consolidation. The "demand for new nation - states" was more of an issue before unification as regions sought to unite. "Too much control by the church" was addressed over time and not the most defining post - unification challenge compared to political unrest.

Answer:

D. political unrest and instability.