Question

chapter 1 review questions multiple choice 1. all of the following are examples of remote sensing except a. auvs b. rovs c. satellites d. scuba 2. factors that may affect variables are called a. experiments. b. hypotheses. c. theories. d. variables. 3. which is true about a valid scientific hypothesis? a. it is the same as a scientific theory. b. it is a testable statement. c. it can be scientifically proved to be true. d. it is never rejected. 4. when a scientist comes to a general conclusion based on a series of observations, this is known as a. induction. b. deduction. c. hypothesis. d. theory. 5. which of the following statements about hypotheses is true? a. hypotheses are educated guesses that lead to truths through testing. b. hypotheses might be supported or not supported by data when tested. c. hypotheses must be stated in a way to avoid being proven false. d. hypotheses are scientific statements of absolute certainty. 6. which of the following about scientific models is true? a. all models are three - dimensional representations that may be built using a variety of materials. b. once a model has been established, it does not change. c. models are approximations that can be used to make predictions. d. models are simple representations of single - variable phenomena short answer 7. what role do marine laboratories play in the field of marine science? 8. what tools do marine scientists use to make observations about oceans and marine organisms? 9. compare and contrast induction and deduction. 10. what tangible benefits are there for studying marine environments? 11. describe how scientists use models to enhance their studies of oceans. critical thinking 12. most of the major advances in marine biology have come in the last 100 years. what do you think are the reasons for this? 13. while devastating, war can also be a stimulus for innovation. articulate the innovations war brought to marine science, and describe how marine science would differ today if those wartime innovations had not occurred. 14. recall that the statement “there are mermaids in the ocean” is not a valid scientific hypothesis. can the same be said of the statement “there are no mermaids in the ocean?” why? 15. imagine you are a marine scientist and that a certain type of crab tends to be more abundant in a local bay than in the waters outside the bay. what hypotheses might account for this? how would you go about testing those hypotheses?

Explanation:

1. AUVs (Autonomous Under - water Vehicles), ROVs (Remotely Operated Vehicles) and satellites are used for remote sensing. Scuba is for direct human - presence diving, not remote sensing.
2. Variables are factors that can affect other variables in an experiment.
3. A valid scientific hypothesis is a testable statement. It is not the same as a theory and is not always proven true and can be rejected.
4. Induction is when a scientist makes a general conclusion from a series of observations.
5. Hypotheses are educated guesses that may or may not be supported by data when tested.
6. Models are approximations and can be used to make predictions and are simple representations of phenomena.
7. Marine laboratories are used for research, sample analysis, and experimentation in marine science.
8. Tools include sonar, submersibles, sampling devices, and satellite imagery for ocean and marine organism observations.
9. Induction is from specific to general, deduction is from general to specific.
10. Benefits include understanding ecosystems, resource management, and climate change impacts.
11. Models can simulate ocean processes, predict changes, and help in planning research.
12. Reasons for advances in marine biology in the last 100 years include better technology, more research funding, and increased interest.
13. Wartime innovations like sonar and submersible technology advanced marine science. Without them, progress would be slower.
14. "There are no mermaids in the ocean" is a more testable hypothesis as it is easier to search for the absence of a known - defined entity.
15. Hypotheses could include food availability, predator presence, or water quality differences. Testing could involve sampling, monitoring, and comparison.

Answer:

1. d. scuba
2. d. variables
3. b. It is a testable statement.
4. a. induction
5. b. Hypotheses might be supported or not supported by data when tested.
6. c. Models are approximations that can be used to make predictions.
7. Marine laboratories are used for research, sample analysis, and experimentation in marine science.
8. Tools include sonar, submersibles, sampling devices, and satellite imagery for ocean and marine organism observations.
9. Induction is from specific to general, deduction is from general to specific.
10. Benefits include understanding ecosystems, resource management, and climate change impacts.
11. Models can simulate ocean processes, predict changes, and help in planning research.
12. Reasons for advances in marine biology in the last 100 years include better technology, more research funding, and increased interest.
13. Wartime innovations like sonar and submersible technology advanced marine science. Without them, progress would be slower.
14. "There are no mermaids in the ocean" is a more testable hypothesis as it is easier to search for the absence of a known - defined entity.
15. Hypotheses could include food availability, predator presence, or water quality differences. Testing could involve sampling, monitoring, and comparison.