Question

check your understanding: question which of the following statements concerning the modern welfare state is true? select an answer a. while noncontributory programs are funded by taxes earmarked for that program, contributory programs are means - tested, and beneficiaries are not required to contribute. b. unlike economic policies, which are controlled by the states, social policies, such as medicare, medicaid, and unemployment insurance, are solely controlled by the federal government with no state variation. c. since the 1930s, when the main elements of the welfare state were first created, spending on social policy has declined dramatically, with a large decrease in entitlements. d. tax expenditures, including employer - sponsored medical insurance or retirement plans, are considered part of the shadow welfare state.

Explanation:

• Option A: Incorrect - Contributory programs require contributions, non - means - tested in many cases.
• Option B: Incorrect - Medicaid has state variations.
• Option C: Incorrect - Social policy spending has not declined dramatically since 1930s.
• Option D: Correct - Tax expenditures like employer - sponsored insurance/retirement plans are part of shadow welfare state.

Answer:

D. Tax expenditures, including employer - sponsored medical insurance or retirement plans, are considered part of the shadow welfare state.