Question

the context of a piece of writing is the
environment in which it was written.
denotative meaning of its language.
authors ideas about a specific topic.
central idea and how it is developed.

Explanation:

The context of writing refers to the environment, time - period, social situation etc. in which it was written. It's not about denotative meaning, author's ideas on a topic, or central idea development.

Answer:

The environment in which it was written.