Question

1. cuckoos are known to lay their eggs in the nests of other birds. mother birds will feed the young, which sometimes means not every chick gets enough food. this is an example of a. mutualism b. commensalism c. amensalism d. neutralism e. parasitism 6. which sphere of the earth is named using the greek root meaning “ground”? a. hydrosphere b. atmosphere c. biosphere d. geosphere 7. which kind of niche takes competition between organisms into account? a. realized b. unique c. fundamental d. competitive 8. how much chemical energy is transferred from the producer level to the secondary - consumer level in a food chain? a. 1/10 b. 1/20 c. 1/100 d. 1/1000 9. organisms that eat both plants and meat are called ____________ a. omnivores b. herbivores c. autotrophs d. carnivores 10. which is not true about food webs? a. food webs show the transfer of energy among organisms b. food webs are more accurate than food chains c. food webs are simpler than food chains d. food webs contain decomposers and scavengers throughout 11. which of these is not an example of an abiotic factor? a. soil b. temperature c. bacteria d. rainfall

Explanation:

1. Cuckoos laying eggs in other birds' nests is parasitism as the cuckoo benefits at the expense of the host bird.
2. The geosphere is named using the Greek root for "ground".
3. A realized niche takes competition into account. A fundamental niche is the potential niche without competition, while a realized niche is the actual niche an organism occupies considering competition.
4. Only about 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next. From producer to primary - consumer is 10%, and from primary - consumer to secondary - consumer is another 10%, so from producer to secondary - consumer it is 1/100.
5. Organisms that eat both plants and meat are omnivores. Herbivores eat plants, autotrophs make their own food, and carnivores eat meat.
6. Food webs are more complex than food chains as they show multiple feeding relationships, not simpler. They show energy transfer, are more accurate than single - chain food chains, and include decomposers and scavengers.
7. Bacteria are living organisms (biotic), while soil, temperature, and rainfall are abiotic factors.

Answer:

1. e. parasitism
2. d. Geosphere
3. a. Realized
4. c. 1/100
5. a. omnivores
6. c. Food webs are simpler than food chains
7. c. bacteria