Question

defensive behavior and reproductive traits of select bird species
scientific name, common name, performs broken - wing display?, length of incubation (days), incubation duty, maximum number of broods per year
bucephala islandica, barrows goldeneye, no, 34, 1 parent, 1
numenius arquata, eurasian curlew, no, 30, 2 parents, 1
eremophila alpestris, horned lark, yes, 12, 1 parent, 3
zenaida asiatica, white - winged dove, yes, 14, 2 parents, 2
in an extensive review of existing literature, léna de framond and team cataloged the prevalence of broken - wing display—a defensive behavior observed in haematopus longirostris (pied oystercatcher) and many other species—throughout the aves class. documentation of the display in 285 species across 52 families suggests the behavior likely evolved independently many times, prompting the team to consider ecological history characteristics with hypothesized associations to the behaviors emergence, including traits related to reproduction investment and future reproduction potential.
11 mark for review
which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the conclusion?
a capacity for multiple broods, number of parental incubators, and incubation duration are equally associated with the use of broken - wing display.
b incubation duration and capacity for multiple broods are more strongly associated with the use of broken - wing display than the number of parental incubators is.
c broken - wing display is most often observed in species with less opportunity to reproduce in a year due to longer incubation periods.
d among species with more than one parental incubator, the use of broken - wing display is associated with greater incubation duration.

Explanation:

By looking at the table data, we can see that for species with broken - wing display like Eremophila alpestris and Zenida asiatica, the incubation duration and capacity for multiple broods seem to have more of a pattern in relation to the broken - wing display compared to the number of parental incubators. For example, Eremophila alpestris has a shorter incubation duration and multiple broods and uses the broken - wing display.

Answer:

B. incubation duration and capacity for multiple broods are more strongly associated with the use of broken - wing display than the number of parental incubators is.