Question

1. define each of these terms in your own words: mean, median, mode, range, and standard deviation. explain how they work together. what can you infer about a researcher who omits statistical information when reporting results from a scientific study?

Explanation:

• Mean: The average of a set of numbers, calculated by summing all values and dividing by the number of values. It gives a central - tendency measure.
• Median: The middle value when data is ordered. It's less affected by outliers than the mean.
• Mode: The most frequently occurring value. Useful for identifying common values.
• Range: The difference between the largest and smallest values, showing data spread.
• Standard deviation: A measure of how spread out the data is from the mean. A low value means data is clustered around the mean, a high value means more spread.
• Together, they describe different aspects of a data set's distribution. Mean and median give central tendency, mode shows common values, range and standard deviation show spread.
• Omitting statistical information may suggest the researcher wants to hide data flaws, manipulate results, or is not well - versed in proper reporting.

Answer:

• Mean: The average value of a data set, found by dividing the sum of all values by the number of values.
• Median: The middle value in an ordered data set.
• Mode: The value that appears most frequently in a data set.
• Range: The difference between the largest and smallest values in a data set.
• Standard deviation: A measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values.
• Regarding the researcher: They may be trying to manipulate results, hide flaws in the data, or lack knowledge of proper scientific reporting.