Question

define: nucleus:__ neutron: proton: electron: weak nuclear forces: 21)physicists observe a neutron decaying into a proton, releasing an electron and an antineutrino. what role does the weak nuclear force play in this event? a. it keeps protons and neutrons bound together in the nucleus. b. it causes the attraction between positively and negatively charged particles. c. it holds electrons in orbit around the nucleus d. it governs the decay of subatomic particles into other particles. define: fusion: fission: energy mass equivalence:__ 22)in the sun, two hydrogen nuclei are combined to form a helium nucleus. what happens to the mass during this fusion reaction? a. some mass is converted into energy. b. all mass remains unchanged during the reaction. c. mass increases as the nuclei combine. d. mass decreases, but no energy is produced.

Explanation:

• Nucleus: The central part of an atom, containing protons and neutrons.
• Neutron: A sub - atomic particle with no electric charge, found in the nucleus.
• Proton: A positively charged sub - atomic particle, found in the nucleus.
• Electron: A negatively charged sub - atomic particle, orbiting the nucleus.
• Weak Nuclear Forces: One of the four fundamental forces of nature, responsible for certain types of radioactive decay and subatomic particle transformations.
• For question 21, the weak nuclear force governs the decay of subatomic particles into other particles, which is what is happening when a neutron decays into a proton, electron and antineutrino.
• Fusion: A nuclear reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei come close enough to form a single, heavier nucleus, releasing a large amount of energy.
• Fission: A nuclear reaction in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller nuclei, often releasing neutrons and a large amount of energy.
• Energy Mass Equivalence: The principle, expressed by the equation $E = mc^{2}$, that energy and mass are equivalent and convertible into one another.
• For question 22, in a fusion reaction like the one in the sun, some mass is converted into energy according to the energy - mass equivalence principle.

Answer:

• Nucleus: The central core of an atom, consisting of protons and neutrons.
• Neutron: An electrically neutral sub - atomic particle in the nucleus.
• Proton: A positively charged sub - atomic particle in the nucleus.
• Electron: A negatively charged sub - atomic particle orbiting the nucleus.
• Weak Nuclear Forces: A fundamental force responsible for subatomic particle decay and transformations.
• 21) D. It governs the decay of subatomic particles into other particles.
• Fusion: The combining of atomic nuclei to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy.
• Fission: The splitting of an atomic nucleus into smaller nuclei, releasing energy.
• Energy Mass Equivalence: The concept that mass and energy are equivalent, related by $E = mc^{2}$.
• 22) A. Some mass is converted into energy.