Question

1. describe the following language terms

a. protolanguage:
b. language family:
c. language branch:
d. language group:

1. describe how language changes over time?
2. what is a dialect?
3. identify an example of a dialect.
4. define isogloss.

Explanation:

Answer:

a. A hypothetical, reconstructed ancestral language from which related languages are believed to have descended.
b. A group of languages related through descent from a common ancestral proto-language.
c. A subgroup within a language family, consisting of languages more closely related to each other than to others in the family.
d. A smaller, more closely related subgroup within a language branch, with very high mutual intelligibility.
Language changes over time through processes like sound shifts, grammar modifications, vocabulary additions/obsoletion, and cultural contact influences.
A dialect is a regional, social, or ethnic variety of a language, differing in pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary, yet mutually intelligible with other varieties of the same language.
Scouse (Liverpool English)
An isogloss is a geographic boundary line separating regions where different linguistic features (e.g., pronunciation, vocabulary) are used.