Question

describe the function of each organelle.
nucleus
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endoplasmic reticulum
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ribosome
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golgi apparatus
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Explanation:

• Nucleus: Controls cell activities (e.g., DNA storage, replication, transcription), regulates gene expression, and is the cell’s control center.
• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Rough ER (with ribosomes) synthesizes proteins; smooth ER synthesizes lipids, detoxifies, and stores calcium.
• Ribosome: Site of protein synthesis (translates mRNA into polypeptide chains), found free in cytoplasm or on rough ER.
• Golgi Apparatus: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins/lipids from ER for transport (e.g., to cell membrane, lysosomes, or secretion).

Answer:

• Nucleus: Controls cell activities, stores DNA, regulates gene expression.
• Endoplasmic Reticulum: Rough ER makes proteins; smooth ER makes lipids, detoxifies, stores Ca²⁺.
• Ribosome: Synthesizes proteins (translates mRNA).
• Golgi Apparatus: Modifies, sorts, packages molecules for transport (secretion, membrane, lysosomes).