Question

describe the process that causes mantle material to circulate.

Explanation:

The process is mantle convection. Heat from the Earth's core causes mantle material to heat up, become less dense and rise. As it rises, it cools, becomes denser and sinks back down, creating a convective cell. This cycle of rising and sinking is what causes mantle material to circulate.

Answer:

Mantle convection occurs due to heat from the Earth's core. The heated mantle material becomes less dense and rises. As it rises, it cools, becomes denser and sinks back down, forming a convective cell which circulates the mantle material.