Question

in the diagram shown, ________ are represented by the squares. a males b females c unrelated offspring d heterozygous offspring

Explanation:

In pedigree charts, a standard convention is that squares represent males and circles represent females. This is a fundamental rule in genetic pedigree analysis. By recalling this convention, we can determine that the squares in the given pedigree diagram represent males. Option B is incorrect as females are represented by circles. Options C and D are also incorrect because squares in pedigrees do not represent unrelated offspring or heterozygous offspring; they represent gender (males).

Answer:

A. males