Question

directions complete the chart. use it to show how each pair of items is alike and different.

	similarities	differences
gregor mendel/ thomas morgan	3.	4.
human sex cells/ other human cells	5.	6.
human egg cells/ human sperm cells	7.	8.
sex - linked traits/ other traits of an organism	9.	10.

directions define each term.

1. gamete
2. zygote
3. carrier
4. x chromosome
5. y chromosome

Explanation:

1. Both are cell - division processes. Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells, while meiosis produces four genetically different haploid cells.
2. Both contributed to genetics. Mendel discovered basic inheritance laws through pea - plant experiments, Morgan used fruit - flies to show genes are on chromosomes.
3. Both are human cells. Sex cells (gametes) are haploid and for reproduction, other human cells are diploid and for body functions.
4. Both are human gametes. Egg cells are large, non - motile and carry nutrients, sperm cells are small, motile with a tail for swimming.
5. Both are traits. Sex - linked traits are carried on sex chromosomes, other traits are on autosomes.
6. A gamete is a reproductive cell (sperm or egg) with half the number of chromosomes of a somatic cell.
7. A zygote is a fertilized egg cell formed by the union of a sperm and an egg.
8. A carrier is an individual who has one copy of a recessive allele for a genetic disorder and does not show symptoms but can pass it on.
9. The X chromosome is a sex chromosome. Females have two X chromosomes, males have one X and one Y.
10. The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found only in males, determines male sex characteristics.

Answer:

1. Both are cell - division processes.
2. Mitosis: two identical diploid cells; Meiosis: four different haploid cells.
3. Both contributed to genetics.
4. Mendel: pea - plant experiments, basic inheritance laws; Morgan: fruit - fly experiments, genes on chromosomes.
5. Both are human cells.
6. Sex cells: haploid, for reproduction; Other cells: diploid, for body functions.
7. Both are human gametes.
8. Egg cells: large, non - motile, carry nutrients; Sperm cells: small, motile, have tail.
9. Both are traits.
10. Sex - linked traits: on sex chromosomes; Other traits: on autosomes.
11. A reproductive cell (sperm or egg) with half the number of chromosomes of a somatic cell.
12. A fertilized egg cell formed by the union of a sperm and an egg.
13. An individual who has one copy of a recessive allele for a genetic disorder and does not show symptoms but can pass it on.
14. A sex chromosome; Females have two, males have one.
15. A sex chromosome found only in males, determines male sex characteristics.