Question

directions: for each section, either takes notes on the required topics or answer the questions in complete sentences.

\even though large tracts of europe and many old and famous states have fallen or may fall into the grip of the gestapo and all the odious apparatus of nazi rule, we shall not flag or fail. we shall go on to the end. we shall fight in france, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be. we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender.\

• winston churchill, 1940

at what point in world war 2 was this speech given? what had already occurred?

how do you think most english people responded to this speech?

\arsenal of democracy\ was the slogan used by franklin d. roosevelt in a radio broadcast delivered in december 1940, at a time when germany had occupied much of europe and threatened great britain.

what did roosevelt mean by america being an \arsenal of democracy\?

image: u. s. must become great arsenal to save democracy with a wartime production scene

\yesterday, december 7th, 1941 — a date which will live in infamy — the united states of america was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the empire of japan.\

• president franklin d. roosevelt, 1941

why did the japanese make a surprise attack on pearl harbor?

what effect did the attack have?

do you agree with anne frank? explain why or why not.

anne frank wrote one of the most famous diaries in history. she kept it while she and her family were hiding in a \secret annex\ in amsterdam while the nazis occupied the netherlands. after more than two years in hiding, the group was discovered and sent to the auschwitz death camp.
\despite everything, i believe that people are really good at heart.\

• anne frank, 1943

Explanation:

Churchill Speech Questions

1. This speech was given in summer 1940, during the Battle of Britain. Germany had already conquered most of Western Europe, including France, and had forced the evacuation of British troops from Dunkirk. Nazi Germany was preparing an invasion of Britain and had begun air raids on the country.
2. Most English people likely felt a surge of resolve, unity, and hope. The speech's uncompromising tone would have reinforced their determination to resist Nazi invasion, boosting morale during a desperate moment.

Arsenal of Democracy Question

Roosevelt meant that the U.S., while still officially neutral, would provide military supplies, weapons, and equipment to Allied nations fighting the Axis powers (like Britain) to support democratic governments against fascist aggression, without directly sending troops to fight at that time.

Pearl Harbor Questions

1. Japan launched the surprise attack to destroy the U.S. Pacific Fleet, which would remove a major obstacle to Japan's expansion in Southeast Asia and the Pacific. Japan wanted to seize resources in the region and believed a pre-emptive strike would prevent the U.S. from interfering.
2. The attack immediately led the U.S. to abandon its neutrality and declare war on Japan the next day. Germany and Italy then declared war on the U.S., bringing the U.S. fully into World War II as a member of the Allies.

Anne Frank Question

This is a subjective question, but a common perspective: Yes, I agree with Anne Frank. Even after enduring the trauma of hiding and the horrors of the Nazi occupation, her belief highlights the inherent capacity for kindness in people, even in the darkest circumstances. Many individuals risked their lives to help Jewish people like Anne's family, demonstrating that goodness persists despite widespread cruelty. Alternatively, a dissenting view could argue that the scale of Nazi atrocities shows that people are not inherently good at heart, but Anne's perspective reflects a choice to hold onto optimism.

Answer:

1. Churchill Speech - Timing & Preceding Events: This speech was given in summer 1940, during the Battle of Britain. Germany had conquered most of Western Europe (including France), forced the Dunkirk evacuation, and begun air raids on Britain, with plans to invade.
2. Churchill Speech - English Response: Most English people felt boosted morale, unity, and resolute determination to resist Nazi invasion.
3. Arsenal of Democracy Meaning: Roosevelt meant the U.S. would supply weapons and military goods to Allied democracies fighting the Axis, acting as a supplier to support democracy without deploying troops at that time.
4. Pearl Harbor - Japanese Motive: Japan attacked to destroy the U.S. Pacific Fleet, removing a barrier to its expansion in Southeast Asia and the Pacific.
5. Pearl Harbor - Attack Effect: The attack led the U.S. to declare war on Japan, and Germany/Italy declared war on the U.S., bringing the U.S. fully into World War II.
6. Anne Frank Agreement (example): Yes, I agree with Anne Frank. Her belief reflects the inherent capacity for kindness, as evidenced by people who risked their lives to help Jewish families during the Holocaust, showing goodness persists in dark times.