dna study guide- protein synthesis
19. rna stands for

type of rna description/function/role
20. mrna
21. trna
22. rrna

23. what is rna polymerase and what does it do?

24. rna does not contain the nitrogen base ; instead rna contains, which is complementary to.

25. fill in the venn diagram below to compare and contrast dna to rna:

26. the sugar found in rna is called. it has (circle one) one more | one fewer oxygen atom compared to deoxyribose.

27. rna is able to leave the nucleus because it is

in the table below, briefly describe each process of protein synthesis:

process description where process occurs:
28. transcription
29. translation

Question

dna study guide- protein synthesis
19. rna stands for

type of rna	description/function/role
20. mrna	
21. trna	
22. rrna

23. what is rna polymerase and what does it do?

24. rna does not contain the nitrogen base ; instead rna contains, which is complementary to.

25. fill in the venn diagram below to compare and contrast dna to rna:

26. the sugar found in rna is called. it has (circle one) one more | one fewer oxygen atom compared to deoxyribose.

27. rna is able to leave the nucleus because it is

in the table below, briefly describe each process of protein synthesis:

process	description	where process occurs:
28. transcription		
29. translation

Accepted Answer

### Question 19: RNA stands for
# Brief Explanations:
RNA is a nucleic acid involved in protein synthesis. The full form is based on its chemical structure and function.
# Answer:
Ribonucleic Acid

### Question 20: mRNA (Description/Function/Role)
# Brief Explanations:
mRNA, or messenger RNA, is involved in carrying genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome for protein synthesis. It acts as a template for translation.
# Answer:
Carries the genetic code (DNA’s message) from the nucleus to the ribosome to direct protein synthesis (acts as a template for amino acid sequence in a protein)

### Question 21: tRNA (Description/Function/Role)
# Brief Explanations:
tRNA, or transfer RNA, has an anticodon that pairs with mRNA’s codon. Its role is to bring specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation to build the protein.
# Answer:
Transfers (brings) specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation; has an anticodon that complementary base - pairs with mRNA’s codon

### Question 22: rRNA (Description/Function/Role)
# Brief Explanations:
rRNA, or ribosomal RNA, is a major component of ribosomes. Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis, and rRNA helps in the structure and function of the ribosome (catalyzing peptide bond formation).
# Answer:
Is a major component of ribosomes; ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis, and rRNA helps in ribosome structure/function (e.g., catalyzing peptide bonds)

### Question 23: What is RNA polymerase and what does it do?
# Brief Explanations:
RNA polymerase is an enzyme. In the process of transcription, it binds to DNA, unwinds the DNA helix, and synthesizes a complementary RNA strand using one DNA strand as a template.
# Answer:
RNA polymerase is an enzyme. It functions in transcription: it binds to DNA, unwinds the DNA double helix, and synthesizes a complementary RNA molecule (using a DNA strand as a template)

### Question 24: RNA does not contain the nitrogen base ______; instead RNA contains ______, which is complementary to ______.
# Brief Explanations:
DNA has the nitrogen base thymine (T), while RNA has uracil (U) instead. Uracil pairs with adenine (A) in RNA - DNA or RNA - RNA interactions.
# Answer:
thymine (T); uracil (U); adenine (A)

### Question 25: Fill in the Venn Diagram (DNA vs RNA)
#### DNA - Only:
- Double - stranded (double helix)
- Contains deoxyribose sugar
- Has thymine (T) as a nitrogen base
- Stays in the nucleus (in eukaryotes)

#### Both (DNA and RNA):
- Are nucleic acids (made of nucleotides)
- Have a sugar - phosphate backbone
- Contain adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) as nitrogen bases
- Involved in genetic information (DNA stores it, RNA uses it for protein synthesis)

#### RNA - Only:
- Single - stranded
- Contains ribose sugar
- Has uracil (U) as a nitrogen base
- Can leave the nucleus (in eukaryotes)

### Question 26: The sugar found in RNA is called ______. It has (circle one) [one more | one fewer] oxygen atom compared to deoxyribose.
# Brief Explanations:
The sugar in RNA is ribose. Deoxyribose (in DNA) has one less oxygen atom than ribose (ribose has an extra oxygen at the 2’ carbon).
# Answer:
ribose; one more

### Question 27: RNA is able to leave the nucleus because it is ______.
# Brief Explanations:
DNA is double - stranded and large, but RNA is single - stranded and generally smaller in size/less complex in structure. This single - stranded and relatively smaller nature allows it to pass through nuclear pores.
# Answer:
single - stranded (and generally smaller/less complex in structure, allowing it to pass through nuclear pores)

### Question 28: Transcription (Description; Where process occurs)
# Brief Explanations:
Transcription is the process of making an RNA copy of a DNA segment (gene). In eukaryotes, DNA is in the nucleus, so transcription occurs in the nucleus. The DNA template is used to make mRNA (or other RNA types).
# Answer:
- Description: The process of synthesizing an RNA molecule (e.g., mRNA) using a DNA strand as a template (copies DNA’s genetic message into RNA)
- Where process occurs: In the nucleus (of eukaryotic cells); in the cytoplasm (of prokaryotic cells, since they have no nucleus)

### Question 29: Translation (Description; Where process occurs)
# Brief Explanations:
Translation is the process of using the mRNA code to assemble a chain of amino acids (a protein). Ribosomes are the site of translation, and in eukaryotes, ribosomes are in the cytoplasm (or on the rough ER).
# Answer:
- Description: The process of using the mRNA codon sequence to assemble a specific sequence of amino acids into a protein (occurs at the ribosome; tRNA brings amino acids, and the ribosome links them via peptide bonds)
- Where process occurs: At ribosomes (in the cytoplasm of cells; in eukaryotes, ribosomes can be free in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum)

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Question

Explanation:

Question 19: RNA stands for

Answer:

Question 20: mRNA (Description/Function/Role)