Question

dr. griffith, a researcher, tells a group of experiment subjects that they are going to receive \painful\ electrical shocks as part of the experiment. she then tells another group that they will receive \mild\ electric shocks. she asks participants in both groups whether they prefer to wait alone or with others while she sets up the machinery that will deliver the shocks. in this experiment, which of the following is the dependent variable?

○ the machinery that delivers the shocks to the participants
○ the participants choice to wait alone or with others
○ the use of the term \painful\
○ the use of the term \mild\

question 8 2.5 pts

a researcher wants to study how children behave in their parents absence. while observing the children in a playground, the researcher claps and encourages the children who perform tasks such as standing up after a fall, sharing toys, and tying their own shoelaces. this is an example of

○ p - hacking behavior
○ a double - blind experiment.
○ experimenter bias.
○ a supply characteristic.

Explanation:

First Question (Dependent Variable in Experiment)

To identify the dependent variable, we recall that the dependent variable is the outcome being measured or observed, which depends on the independent variable (the manipulated factor). Here, the independent variable is the type of shock description ("painful" or "mild"), and the dependent variable is what we measure as a result—participants' choice to wait alone or with others. The machinery is a tool, and "painful"/"mild" are the independent variable's components.

Experimenter bias occurs when a researcher's actions (like encouraging certain behaviors) influence the participants' behavior or the results. P - hacking is about manipulating data analysis, a double - blind experiment has neither researcher nor participant knowing group assignments, and "supply characteristic" is not a standard term here. The researcher's encouragement of specific behaviors while observing introduces bias.

Answer:

B. the participants' choice to wait alone or with others

Second Question (Researcher's Behavior Example)