Question

dr. tibbetts mentions the contributions of a number of important theorists to deterrence theory. which theorist suggested that the vital deterrent characteristics of punishment included celerity, certainty, and severity?
thomas hobbes
jeremy bentham
charles darwin
cesare beccaria

Explanation:

Cesare Beccaria, a key classical criminologist, argued that the deterrent effect of punishment relies on three core traits: celerity (swiftness), certainty, and severity, which are foundational to deterrence theory. The other theorists listed are not associated with this specific framework: Hobbes focused on social contract theory, Bentham on utilitarianism (while related, he built on Beccaria's work on deterrence traits), and Darwin on evolutionary theory.

Answer:

D. Cesare Beccaria