Question

ela gr11 passage 1&2
selection 1: address to the continental congress, by samuel adams
historical speech: this passage is an excerpt from a speech given by samuel adams to the continental congress in philadelphia on august 1, 1776. the continental congress signed the declaration of independence on the very next day.
we have now no other alternative than independence, or the most ignominious and galling servitude. the legions of our enemies thicken on our plains, desolation and death mark their bloody career, whilst the mangled corpses of our countrymen seem to cry out to us as a voice from heaven...
5 “has our blood been expended in vain? is the only reward which our constancy, till death, has obtained for our country, that it should be sunk into a deeper and more ignominious vassalage?”...
our union is now complete; our constitution composed, established, and approved. you are now the guardians of your own liberties. we may justly address you, as the decemviri did the romans, and say, “nothing that we propose, can pass into a law without your consent. be yourselves, o americans, the authors of those laws on which your happiness depends.”
you have now in the field armies sufficient to repel the whole force of your enemies... the hearts of your soldiers beat high with the spirit of freedom, they are animated with the justice of their cause, and while they grasp their swords can look up to heaven for assistance. your adversaries are composed of wretches who laugh at the rights of humanity, who turn religion into derision, and would, for higher wages, direct their swords against their leaders or their country.
go on, then, in your generous enterprise, with gratitude to heaven for past success, and confidence of it in the future. for my own part, i ask no greater blessing than to share with you the common danger and common glory. if i have a wish... it is—that these american states may never cease to be free and independent.
question 1.
which of the following persuasive techniques does samuel adams use in selection 1?
a. he uses ethos by summarizing his own experiences on the battlefield, the sacrifices of colonial soldiers, and his desire to share danger and glory with his audience.
b. he uses pathos by emphasizing the sacrifices of colonial soldiers, the threats to american safety, and the brutish character of the enemy.
c. he uses logos by reminding the audience about the universal rights of individuals.
d. he uses ethos by asking others to trust him and express their gratitude to heaven.
question 2.
compare adams’s claim in lines 1–2 of selection 1 and paine’s claim in lines 8–10 of selection 2. what do these two claims most clearly show about their arguments?
a. both build their arguments around kairos. adams effectively insists that the colonists must act now because circumstances have constrained their choices to two extremes. paine effectively insists that the moment is too significant to allow compromise or division.

Explanation:

Question 1: The speech uses emotional appeals (pathos) through references to sacrifices, threats, and enemy characterization. Question 2: Both arguments focus on kairos (timeliness), emphasizing the significance of immediate action.

Answer:

Question 1: B. He uses pathos by emphasizing the sacrifices of colonial soldiers, the threats to American safety, and the brutish character of the enemy.
Question 2: A. Both build their arguments around kairos. Adams insists that the colonists must act now because circumstances have constrained their choices to two extremes. Paine effectively insists that the moment is too significant to allow compromise or division.