enzyme worksheet
1. what are enzymes made of? (circle correct answer) lipids carbohydrates proteins nucleic acids
2. what do enzymes do? _______________________
3. label the following picture: activation energy, with an enzyme, without an enzyme, product and substrate, time, energy (you do not have to label all the arrows)
diagram of energy curve
4. explain what takes place in each step of the diagram:
diagram of enzyme - substrate complex
substrates
enzyme + enzyme - substrate complex ⇨ enzyme + product

Question

enzyme worksheet
1. what are enzymes made of? (circle correct answer) lipids  carbohydrates  proteins  nucleic acids
2. what do enzymes do? _______________________
3. label the following picture: activation energy, with an enzyme, without an enzyme, product and substrate, time, energy (you do not have to label all the arrows)
diagram of energy curve
4. explain what takes place in each step of the diagram:
diagram of enzyme - substrate complex
substrates
enzyme  +  enzyme - substrate complex  ⇨  enzyme  +  product

Accepted Answer

### Question 1: What are enzymes made of?
# Brief Explanations:
Enzymes are biological catalysts, and most enzymes are made of proteins. Some RNA molecules (ribozymes) can also act as enzymes, but the most common and typical answer here is proteins. Among the options (Lipids, Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic acids), the correct one is Proteins.
# Answer: Proteins

### Question 2: What do enzymes do?
# Brief Explanations:
Enzymes function as biological catalysts. Their main role is to speed up (catalyze) chemical reactions in living organisms by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. They do not get consumed in the reaction and can be reused.
# Answer: Enzymes act as biological catalysts to speed up (catalyze) chemical reactions in living organisms by lowering the activation energy.

### Question 3: Label the following picture (Energy diagram for enzyme - catalyzed reaction)
# Brief Explanations:
- **Y - axis (vertical axis)**: This represents energy (usually free energy, $G$). The higher the position on the y - axis, the higher the energy of the system.
- **X - axis (horizontal axis)**: This represents the progress of the reaction (time or the sequence of molecular events in the reaction).
- **Without an enzyme (the higher curve)**: The peak of this curve represents the activation energy required for the reaction to occur without the enzyme. Activation energy is the minimum energy that reactant molecules must have to undergo a chemical reaction.
- **With an enzyme (the lower curve)**: The peak of this curve is lower than the peak of the "without an enzyme" curve. This shows that the enzyme lowers the activation energy of the reaction.
- **Substrate**: The starting point of the reaction (the left - most part of the curve, before the peak). The substrate is the molecule(s) that the enzyme acts on.
- **Product**: The end - point of the reaction (the right - most part of the curve, after the peak). The product is the molecule(s) formed as a result of the enzyme - catalyzed reaction.
- **Activation energy (with enzyme)**: The vertical distance from the substrate energy level to the peak of the "with an enzyme" curve.
- **Activation energy (without enzyme)**: The vertical distance from the substrate energy level to the peak of the "without an enzyme" curve.

# Answer:
- Y - axis: Energy (e.g., free energy)
- X - axis: Reaction progress (time/sequence of events)
- Upper curve: Reaction without an enzyme
- Lower curve: Reaction with an enzyme
- Left - most (before peak): Substrate
- Right - most (after peak): Product
- Peak of upper curve - substrate level: Activation energy (without enzyme)
- Peak of lower curve - substrate level: Activation energy (with enzyme)

### Question 4: Explain what takes place in each step of the enzyme - substrate interaction diagram
# Brief Explanations:
1. **Enzyme + Substrates**: The enzyme (with its active site) and the substrate(s) are in the same environment. The substrate(s) move towards the enzyme's active site. The active site of the enzyme has a specific shape that is complementary to the shape of the substrate(s) (lock - and - key model or induced - fit model).
2. **Enzyme - substrate complex formation**: The substrate(s) bind to the active site of the enzyme, forming an enzyme - substrate complex. In the induced - fit model, the binding of the substrate causes a conformational change in the enzyme's active site to better fit the substrate.
3. **Reaction and product formation**: Within the enzyme - substrate complex, the chemical reaction occurs. The enzyme lowers the activation energy, allowing the substrate(s) to be converted into product(s).
4. **Enzyme + Product**: The product(s) are released from the active site of the enzyme. The enzyme is now free to bind to new substrate molecules and catalyze another reaction.

# Answer:
1. **Enzyme + Substrates**: Enzyme and substrate(s) are available; substrate(s) approach enzyme's active site.
2. **Enzyme - substrate complex**: Substrate(s) bind to enzyme's active site, forming a complex (enzyme may undergo conformational change).
3. **Reaction/Product formation**: Reaction occurs at active site; substrate(s) converted to product(s).
4. **Enzyme + Product**: Product(s) released from enzyme; enzyme is reusable.

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Explanation:

Question 1: What are enzymes made of?

Answer:

Question 2: What do enzymes do?