Question

equations for photosynthesis steps :

1. light - dependent (needs lights)

light energy, h₂o → atp, o₂

1. calvins cycle (independent)

atp, co₂ → c₆h₁₂o₆ (glucose)

Explanation:

The provided handwritten notes outline the simplified chemical equations for the two main stages of photosynthesis, with corrections to the balanced, accurate equations for each step:

1. The light-dependent reactions use light energy to split water, producing ATP, NADPH (a key energy carrier omitted in the original note), and oxygen.
2. The Calvin Cycle (light-independent reactions) uses ATP, NADPH, and carbon dioxide to produce glucose, with ATP and NADPH being converted back to ADP and NADP⁺ (not shown in the simplified equation).

Answer:

1. Light-Dependent Reactions (needs light)

Balanced, accurate simplified equation:

$$\text{Light Energy} + 2\text{H}_2\text{O} + 2\text{NADP}^+ + 3\text{ADP} + 3\text{P}_i ightarrow 2\text{O}_2 + 2\text{NADPH} + 3\text{ATP}$$

Simplified summary (matching note structure):

$$\text{Light Energy} + \text{H}_2\text{O} ightarrow \text{ATP} + \text{NADPH} + \text{O}_2$$

2. Calvin Cycle (light-independent)

Balanced, accurate simplified equation:

$$6\text{CO}_2 + 18\text{ATP} + 12\text{NADPH} + 12\text{H}_2\text{O} ightarrow \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 18\text{ADP} + 18\text{P}_i + 12\text{NADP}^+ + 6\text{H}^+$$

Simplified summary (matching note structure):

$$\text{ATP} + \text{NADPH} + \text{CO}_2 ightarrow \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 \, (\text{glucose})$$