Question

european nations benefited from african colonies’
labor and resources.
industries and artisans.
established trade routes.
well - trained military.

Explanation:

European colonial powers in Africa primarily exploited the continent's abundant natural resources (like minerals, cash crops) and forced or low-wage labor from African populations to fuel their own economic growth and industrialization. African colonies had limited developed industries or well-trained local militaries under colonial rule, and trade routes were established by Europeans to extract resources, not inherited from the colonies.

Answer:

labor and resources.