Question

exam 01 - (fall 2025)

1. what problem - solving strategy is also called a “rule - of - thumb”?

a. an algorithm
b. a solution set
c. a heuristic
d. an insight

1. inability to see how a familiar object can be used in a new and different way is called

a. functional fixedness.
b. a mental block.
c. an error.
d. a learned association.

1. an individual who tries to hone in on one best answer to a problem uses what type of thinking?

a. convergent
b. conceptual
c. heuristic
d. divergent

1. you are helping your little brother learn two - letter combinations for combining sounds in words. what is he practicing?

a. spelling
b. phonemes
c. grammar
d. syntax

1. what is one feature that both the stanford - binet and wechsler tests share?

a. the method of calculation of iq score
b. both are based on the same original test
c. both have the same scales to measure verbal intelligence.
d. both were used to screen military personnel at one time

1. in developing a standardization sample it is crucial that it

a. be small and homogenous.
b. be large and representative.
c. have individuals at extremes of abilities.
d. have some high - performing individuals to set the upper limits.

1. “language determines how we perceive and think about the world.” this statement describes

a. the language acquisition device.
b. social language learning.
c. the linguistic relativity hypothesis.
d. the language milestone model.

1. who proposed the theory of multiple intelligences?

a. gardner
b. spearman
c. sternberg
d. terman

Explanation:

• Question 21: Heuristics are "rules - of - thumb" in problem - solving. Algorithms are step - by - step procedures, solution sets are collections of solutions, and insights are sudden realizations.
• Question 24: Functional fixedness is the inability to see new uses for familiar objects. A mental block is a more general inability to think, an error is a mistake, and a learned association is a connection between stimuli or responses.
• Question 25: Convergent thinking aims for a single best answer. Conceptual thinking involves ideas and concepts, heuristic is a problem - solving approach, and divergent thinking generates multiple ideas.
• Question 26: Phonemes are the basic units of sound in language, and learning two - letter combinations for sounds relates to phonemes. Spelling is about writing words, grammar is about language structure, and syntax is about sentence structure.
• Question 27: Both Stanford - Binet and Wechsler tests use a method of calculating IQ scores. They are not based on the same original test, don't have the same scales for verbal intelligence, and weren't both used for screening military personnel in the same way.
• Question 28: A standardization sample should be large and representative to accurately reflect the population. A small and homogenous sample is not ideal, and having only extreme or high - performing individuals is not sufficient.
• Question 29: The linguistic relativity hypothesis posits that language determines perception and thought. The language acquisition device is related to Chomsky's theory of language learning, social language learning is about learning from social interactions, and the language milestone model is about language development stages.
• Question 30: Howard Gardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligences. Spearman proposed the general intelligence factor ($g$), Sternberg proposed triarchic theory of intelligence, and Terman was involved in the Stanford - Binet test.

Answer:

1. c. a heuristic
2. (No question 22 in the provided text)
3. (No question 23 in the provided text)
4. a. functional fixedness
5. a. convergent
6. b. phonemes
7. a. the method of calculation of IQ score
8. b. be large and representative.
9. d. the linguistic relativity hypothesis.
10. a. Gardner