3. an example of a sex cell is a/an
(1) spore
(2) zygote
(3) egg
(4) centriole
4. a child has the same number of chromosomes as each parent because of the processes of
fertilization and
(1) transpiration
(2) meiosis
(3) digestion
(4) repair
5. the process of mitosis results in
(1) two cells with identical nuclei
(2) four cells with identical nuclei
(3) four sperm cells
(4) one egg cell
6. the production of new organisms that are essentially the same as their parents is
(1) digestion
(2) reproduction
(3) excretion
(4) respiration
7. which structures contain the genetic material of the cell?
(1) chromosomes
(2) cell walls
(3) cell membranes
(4) vacuoles
8. what is the diploid chromosome number in humans?
(1) 23
(2) 46
(3) 69
(4) 92
9. the process of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells is known as
(1) meiosis
(2) zygote formation
(3) mitosis
(4) fertilization
10. growth in the size of multicellular organisms is the result of
(1) cell excretion
(2) cell division
(3) egestion
(4) peristalsis
c. essay question
directions: use complete sentences to answer the question in this part.
1. state one reason why reproduction is important to a species.

Question

Accepted Answer

### Question 3
# Brief Explanations:
A sex cell (gamete) includes egg (female gamete) and sperm (male gamete). Spore is a reproductive cell in some plants/fungi but not a typical sex cell here. Zygote is a fertilized egg, not a sex cell. Centriole is an organelle. So egg is a sex cell.
# Answer:
(3) egg

### Question 4
# Brief Explanations:
Meiosis produces gametes (sperm/egg) with half the chromosome number. Fertilization combines gametes, so with meiosis (to reduce) and fertilization (to combine), the child has the same number as parents. Transpiration is water loss, digestion is breaking down food, repair is cell repair.
# Answer:
(2) meiosis

### Question 5
# Brief Explanations:
Mitosis is cell division that results in two daughter cells, each with identical nuclei (same genetic material). Meiosis makes four cells (gametes), sperm/egg production is meiosis, so mitosis gives two identical cells.
# Answer:
(1) two cells with identical nuclei

### Question 6
# Brief Explanations:
Reproduction (especially asexual) produces offspring essentially same as parents. Digestion is breaking down food, excretion is waste removal, respiration is energy production. So reproduction is the process of making new organisms like parents.
# Answer:
(2) reproduction

### Question 7
# Brief Explanations:
Chromosomes contain DNA, the genetic material. Cell walls provide structure, cell membranes control movement, vacuoles store substances. So chromosomes have genetic material.
# Answer:
(1) chromosomes

### Question 8
# Brief Explanations:
Human diploid (body cell) chromosome number is 46 (23 pairs). Haploid (gamete) is 23. So diploid is 46.
# Answer:
(2) 46

### Question 9
# Brief Explanations:
Mitosis is cell division producing two identical daughter cells. Meiosis makes four non - identical gametes, zygote formation is fertilization, fertilization is combining gametes. So mitosis produces two identical cells.
# Answer:
(3) mitosis

### Question 10
# Brief Explanations:
Growth in multicellular organisms comes from cell division (mitosis) which increases cell number. Cell excretion is waste removal, egestion is waste elimination, peristalsis is muscle movement in digestion. So cell division causes growth.
# Answer:
(2) cell division

### Essay Question 1
# Brief Explanations:
Reproduction is important for a species to ensure its survival over time. Through reproduction, a species can replace individuals that die, maintain or increase its population size, and pass on its genetic information to the next generation. This allows the species to adapt to changing environments (through genetic variation in sexual reproduction or maintain favorable traits in asexual reproduction) and avoid extinction. For example, if a species did not reproduce, its population would eventually die out as individuals age and die.
# Answer:
Reproduction is important to a species because it allows the species to perpetuate itself. It replaces individuals that die, maintains or grows the population, and passes on genetic information, which is crucial for the species to adapt to environmental changes and avoid extinction. For instance, without reproduction, a species’ population would dwindle as members die, eventually leading to the species’ extinction.

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