Question

explain why judith herrin believes the fall of constantinople was a turning point for western history. (1 point) marked the beginning of the third rome in europe. meant that cannons would not work for sieges in the future. led to the voyages of discovery by columbus because trade was blocked. provided fuel with knowledge that sparked the renaissance in europe.

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze each option:

1. Option about "marked the beginning of the Third Rome": The fall of Constantinople (1453) led to the idea of Moscow as the "Third Rome" (after Rome and Constantinople), but this is a consequence, not the main reason Judith Herrin might see it as a turning point for Western history.
2. Option about "cannons not working for sieges": Cannon technology was advancing, and Constantinople’s fall showed cannons’ effectiveness in sieges, so this is incorrect.
3. Option about "voyages of discovery by Columbus": The fall of Constantinople disrupted traditional trade routes (like the Silk Road), pushing Europeans to seek new trade routes (e.g., Columbus’s voyages). This is a key reason the fall is seen as a turning point for Western history, as it spurred the Age of Exploration.
4. Option about "knowledge that sparked the Renaissance": The Renaissance was already underway in Italy before 1453, and while Byzantine scholars fleeing to Italy contributed to the Renaissance, the fall’s main impact on Western history’s "turning point" is more tied to trade/exploration than directly sparking the Renaissance.

Answer:

The option stating it led to voyages of discovery by Columbus because trade was blocked (the third option, depending on labeling; likely the one about Columbus and blocked trade).