Question

federal requirements that states must follow without monies being provided are
a) block grants.
b) categorical grants.
c) unfunded mandates.
d) grants-in-aid.

the great depression helped to usher in a shift toward
a) dual federalism.
b) selective incorporation.
c) cooperative federalism.
d) democratic-republicanism.

Explanation:

1. For the first question: Block grants, categorical grants, and grants-in-aid all involve federal funding provided to states. Unfunded mandates are federal rules that states must comply with without receiving financial support from the federal government.
2. For the second question: Dual federalism focused on strict separation of state and federal powers. The Great Depression led to increased federal intervention and collaboration with states to address economic crises, which is the core of cooperative federalism. Selective incorporation relates to applying Bill of Rights protections to states, and democratic-republicanism is a political ideology unrelated to this federalism shift.

Answer:

1. C) unfunded mandates.
2. C) cooperative federalism.