Question

fill in the blank: fill in the blank with the correct words.

1. the fastest type of seismic wave is the __________ wave, which can move through solids, liquids, and gases.
2. __________ waves are slower than p waves and can only travel through solid materials.
3. the exact point inside the earth where an earthquake starts is called the ________, while the point above it on the surface is the ________.
4. seismic waves that travel along the earths surface and often cause the most damage are known as __________ waves.
5. scientists who study earthquakes and seismic activity are called __________.
6. the instrument used to detect and record seismic waves is called a __________.
7. when seismic waves reach a new material or layer inside the earth, they can bend or change speed, a process called __________.
8. the two main types of body waves are ________ and ________ waves.
9. surface waves arrive after the body waves but usually have the largest __________, which is why they are so destructive.
10. __________ waves are responsible for the shaking that people usually feel during an earthquake.

Explanation:

1. P - waves (primary waves) are the fastest seismic waves and can travel through solids, liquids, and gases.
2. S - waves (secondary waves) are slower than P - waves and can only travel through solids.
3. The point inside the Earth where an earthquake starts is the focus, and the point above it on the surface is the epicenter.
4. Surface waves travel along the Earth's surface and often cause the most damage.
5. Scientists who study earthquakes and seismic activity are seismologists.
6. A seismograph is used to detect and record seismic waves.
7. When seismic waves change speed as they reach a new material or layer inside the Earth, it's called refraction.
8. The two main types of body waves are P - waves and S - waves.
9. Surface waves usually have the largest amplitudes, which makes them destructive.
10. Surface waves are responsible for the shaking people usually feel during an earthquake.

Answer:

1. P
2. S
3. focus; epicenter
4. Surface
5. seismologists
6. seismograph
7. refraction
8. P; S
9. amplitudes
10. Surface