Question

fill in the blanks or answer the questions

1. blood transports _, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body
2. the liquid portion of blood is called _
3. the cellular component of blood includes red blood cells, white blood cells, and _
4. red blood cells contain the protein _, which binds to oxygen.
5. white blood cells help the body fight _ and infection.
6. platelets are important for blood _ to prevent bleeding.
7. plasma is about _% water.
8. plasma also carries _ (a type of protein), salts, and other substances.
9. the heart has _ chambers.
10. the two upper chambers of the heart are called the _
11. the two lower chambers of the heart are the _
12. blood low in oxygen (deoxygenated blood) returns to the heart into the _ atrium
13. from the right ventricle, deoxygenated blood is pumped to the _ to pick up oxygen.
14. once oxygenated, blood returns from the lungs to the heart via the _ veins.
15. that oxygen - rich blood enters the _ atrium
16. the major artery that carries oxygenated blood out of the heart to the rest of the body is called the _
17. the vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called _
18. the vessels that carry blood to the heart are called _
19. arteries branch into smaller vessels called _
20. exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste occurs in tiny vessels called _
21. after exchange in tissues, blood travels through _, then into larger veins
22. the systemic circuit carries blood between the heart and the _ of the body.
23. the pulmonary circuit carries blood between the heart and the _
24. heart valves (such as the tricuspid, mitral, pulmonary, and aortic valves) ensure that blood flows in _ direction
25. the rhythmic contraction of the heart is called _, and the relaxation phase is called _

Explanation:

1. Blood transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products. Oxygen is essential for cellular respiration.
2. The liquid portion of blood is plasma. It is the matrix of blood.
3. Cellular components include red - blood cells, white - blood cells, and platelets.
4. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin which binds to oxygen for transport.
5. White blood cells help fight diseases and infections as part of the immune system.
6. Platelets are important for blood clotting to prevent excessive bleeding.
7. Plasma is about 90% water which helps in transporting substances.
8. Plasma carries proteins like albumin, salts, and other substances.
9. The heart has four chambers for efficient blood - pumping.
10. The two upper chambers are atria.
11. The two lower chambers are ventricles.
12. Deoxygenated blood returns to the right atrium.
13. Deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle is pumped to the lungs for oxygenation.
14. Oxygenated blood returns from the lungs to the heart via the pulmonary veins.
15. Oxygen - rich blood enters the left atrium.
16. The major artery is the aorta which distributes oxygenated blood.
17. Vessels carrying blood away from the heart are arteries.
18. Vessels carrying blood to the heart are veins.
19. Arteries branch into arterioles.
20. Exchange occurs in capillaries due to their thin walls.
21. After tissue exchange, blood travels through venules then to larger veins.
22. The systemic circuit is between the heart and the rest of the body.
23. The pulmonary circuit is between the heart and the lungs.
24. Heart valves ensure one - way blood flow.
25. Contraction is systole and relaxation is diastole.

Answer:

1. oxygen
2. plasma
3. platelets
4. hemoglobin
5. diseases
6. clotting
7. 90
8. proteins (albumin)
9. four
10. atria
11. ventricles
12. right
13. lungs
14. pulmonary
15. left
16. aorta
17. arteries
18. veins
19. arterioles
20. capillaries
21. venules
22. rest
23. lungs
24. one - way
25. systole; diastole