Question

genetics review a
name
who was the father of mendelian genetics
a. one parent is a true - breeding green pea plant. yellow color is dominant. the other parent is a true - breeding yellow pea plant. green color is recessive.
y = yellow
y = green
parents
yy yy
pure - bred pure - bred
color the peas according to their phenotype
x
b. using what you learned about punnett squares and mendel’s experiments. what would the genotypes and phenotypes for the f1 generation be?
f1 generation
label the parts of the cell
cell a
nucleus b
allele
chromosomes
gene pair
e dna
list 3 things made of cells: ____, __, ____
what is meiosis for
what is mitosis for

Explanation:

Part a: Color the Peas

The first parent (green pea plant) has genotype \( yy \) (recessive, green), so its phenotype is green—color that pea green. The second parent (yellow pea plant) has genotype \( YY \) (dominant, yellow), so its phenotype is yellow—color that pea yellow.

Part b: F1 Generation Genotypes/Phenotypes

Step 1: Determine Parental Gametes

• Parent 1 (\( YY \)) can only produce gametes with \( Y \) (since it’s homozygous dominant).
• Parent 2 (\( yy \)) can only produce gametes with \( y \) (since it’s homozygous recessive).

Step 2: Create Punnett Square

	\( Y \)	\( Y \)
\( y \)	\( Yy \)	\( Yy \)

All F1 offspring have genotype \( Yy \). Since \( Y \) (yellow) is dominant, the phenotype of all F1 plants is yellow.

• Genotypes for F1: \( Yy \), \( Yy \), \( Yy \), \( Yy \) (fill all four boxes with \( Yy \)).
• Phenotypes for F1: All yellow (color all four peas yellow).

Label the Cell Parts

• A: Cell membrane (surrounds the cell).
• B: Nucleus (contains chromosomes).
• The “allele” label points to a gene variant (part of a gene pair on chromosomes).
• “Chromosomes” label points to the condensed DNA structures.
• “Gene pair” labels the two alleles (e.g., \( Y \) and \( y \)) on homologous chromosomes.
• “DNA” (E) is the genetic material within chromosomes.

List 3 Things Made of Cells

All living organisms are made of cells. Examples:

1. Humans (animal cells)
2. Trees (plant cells)
3. Bacteria (prokaryotic cells)

Meiosis and Mitosis Purposes

• Meiosis: Produces gametes (sperm/egg cells) with half the chromosome number (haploid) for sexual reproduction (to maintain chromosome number in offspring).
• Mitosis: For growth, repair, and asexual reproduction (produces identical diploid daughter cells).

Answer:

(Key Parts):

• Father of Mendelian Genetics: Gregor Mendel.
• F1 Genotypes: All \( Yy \); Phenotypes: All yellow.
• Cell Parts: A = Cell Membrane, B = Nucleus, etc. (as labeled above).
• Things Made of Cells: Human, Tree, Bacteria (or other valid examples).
• Meiosis: Gamete production (haploid cells).
• Mitosis: Growth/repair/asexual reproduction (diploid cells).