Question

guided reading activity 7 - 1
europe in crisis: the wars of religion
directions: answer the following questions as you read section 1.

1. what was the chief cause of religious wars that plagued europe in the sixteenth century?
2. who were the huguenots?
3. what issues besides religion played a role in the french civil wars?
4. what event brought the french wars of religion to an end?
5. how did philip ii strengthen his control over spain?
6. how did spain see itself, based on its catholic heritage?
7. what happened when philip tried to crush calvinism in the netherlands?
8. why has the seventeenth century been called the golden age of the dutch republic?
9. what two notable things happened during the reign of elizabeth tudor?
10. what did philip ii believe would happen if spanish forces invaded england?

Explanation:

1. The chief cause was the religious - sectarian divide between Catholics and Protestants.
2. The Huguenots were French Protestants, mainly Calvinists.
3. Political power struggles, economic interests, and regional loyalties also played roles.
4. The Edict of Nantes in 1598 brought an end to the French Wars of Religion.
5. Philip II strengthened control through centralizing government, using the Inquisition, and managing the economy.
6. Spain saw itself as a defender of the Catholic faith and a universal Catholic monarchy.
7. When Philip tried to crush Calvinism in the Netherlands, it led to a long - lasting revolt and war.
8. The seventeenth century was called the golden age of the Dutch Republic due to its economic prosperity (trade, banking), cultural achievements (art, science), and political stability.
9. During Elizabeth Tudor's reign, England defeated the Spanish Armada and there was a flourishing of English literature (the Elizabethan era of literature).
10. Philip II believed that a Spanish invasion of England would restore Catholicism and his own influence in England.

Answer:

1. The religious - sectarian divide between Catholics and Protestants.
2. French Protestants, mainly Calvinists.
3. Political power struggles, economic interests, and regional loyalties.
4. The Edict of Nantes in 1598.
5. Through centralizing government, using the Inquisition, and managing the economy.
6. As a defender of the Catholic faith and a universal Catholic monarchy.
7. It led to a long - lasting revolt and war.
8. Due to its economic prosperity (trade, banking), cultural achievements (art, science), and political stability.
9. England defeated the Spanish Armada and there was a flourishing of English literature.
10. It would restore Catholicism and his own influence in England.