Question

1. how did european nations view asian and african societies in the 19th century? 2. how was the

ew imperialism\ different from the old imperialism? 3. name 5 reasons european countries sought new places to colonize. 4. how did great britain gain its possessions in southeast asia? 5. how did france gain vietnam and french indochina? 6. how did thailand escape being taken over by a european country? 7. how did the us gain the philippines and what threatened us control of the philippines? 8. how were direct and indirect rule different? 9. describe the advantages and disadvantages of the colonial economies.

Explanation:

1. In the 19th - century, European nations often saw Asian and African societies as inferior, primitive, and in need of European 'civilizing' influence. They also viewed them as sources of raw - materials and markets for their goods.
2. Old imperialism focused more on trade - based empires and the search for precious metals, while new imperialism in the 19th century was characterized by territorial conquest, political control, and the spread of European culture and institutions.
3. Reasons for European colonization included: economic interests (access to raw materials and new markets), political competition among European powers, the spread of Christianity, the idea of 'civilizing' non - Europeans (the white man's burden), and strategic military interests.
4. Great Britain gained its possessions in Southeast Asia through a combination of trade, treaties, and military force. For example, it gradually established control over India and then expanded into regions like Burma.
5. France gained Vietnam and French Indochina through a series of military campaigns, treaties with local rulers, and diplomatic maneuvering.
6. Thailand escaped being taken over by European countries by using diplomatic skills to play off the British and the French against each other, maintaining a buffer - state status.
7. The US gained the Philippines as a result of the Spanish - American War in 1898. US control of the Philippines was threatened by Filipino nationalist movements fighting for independence.
8. Direct rule involved European officials governing colonies directly, imposing European laws and administrative systems. Indirect rule used local rulers and traditional institutions to govern under European supervision.
9. Advantages of colonial economies included infrastructure development (roads, railways) and introduction of new technologies. Disadvantages included exploitation of resources, disruption of local economies, and unequal trade relationships.

Answer:

1. European nations saw Asian and African societies as inferior, primitive, sources of raw - materials, and markets.
2. Old imperialism was trade - based, new imperialism was about territorial conquest and political control.
3. Economic interests, political competition, spread of Christianity, civilizing mission, strategic military interests.
4. Through trade, treaties, and military force.
5. Through military campaigns, treaties, and diplomatic maneuvering.
6. By using diplomatic skills to play off European powers against each other.
7. Gained through the Spanish - American War; threatened by Filipino nationalist movements.
8. Direct rule: European officials govern directly; Indirect rule: local rulers govern under European supervision.
9. Advantages: infrastructure development, new technologies. Disadvantages: resource exploitation, disrupted local economies, unequal trade.