Question

how can the hydrosphere affect the geosphere?
by a tornado
by a volcanic eruption
by a earthquake
by a tidal wave

Explanation:

The hydrosphere (all Earth's water) impacts the geosphere (Earth's solid layers) when large water movements like tidal waves exert force on landforms. Tornadoes are atmospheric, volcanic eruptions and earthquakes originate from the geosphere itself, so they do not represent the hydrosphere affecting the geosphere.

Answer:

D. by a tidal wave