Question

how do living things alter the biotic and abiotic environment to cause the process of succession?
i. lichens and small plants produce soil that allow larger plants to grow.
ii. large trees produce shade and compete for resources with smaller plants, causing a reduction in their populations.
iii. animals replace plants due to their superior intelligence.
i only
i and ii only
ii only
i, ii and iii
ii and iii only
score: 100% submit response

Explanation:

• Statement I: Lichens and small plants (pioneer species) break down rock and accumulate organic matter to form soil, creating conditions for larger plants to establish, which is a key part of primary succession.
• Statement II: As succession progresses, large trees (climax community species) outcompete smaller plants for light, water, and nutrients, reducing smaller plant populations, which drives community change in succession.
• Statement III: Animals do not replace plants due to "superior intelligence"; plants form the base of most ecosystems, and animals rely on them for resources, so this is incorrect.

Answer:

I and II only