Question

1. how do mutation, genetic recombination during sexual reproduction, and lateral gene transfer produce genetic variation?

Explanation:

Mutation occurs when there are changes in DNA sequence, which can be due to errors in DNA - replication or environmental factors. Genetic recombination during sexual reproduction happens through processes like crossing - over (exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes) and independent assortment of chromosomes. Lateral gene transfer is the movement of genetic material between organisms other than by vertical transmission from parent to offspring, such as in bacteria through transformation, transduction, and conjugation.

Answer:

Mutation: Changes in DNA sequence. Genetic recombination in sexual reproduction: Crossing - over and independent assortment. Lateral gene transfer: Movement of genetic material between non - parent - offspring organisms.